Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example The planet’s temperature is constantly rising, and the trend has continued over the years. Globally, the average surface temperature has increased much in some degrees, and this is basically the effect of the greenhouse. Naturally the earth’s temperature depends on the amount of energy entering and leaving the planet. But when that later like blanket has been formed, the incoming energy from the sun gets absorbed and as a result, the earth warms. With the absence of this layer, the energy from the sun is therefore reflected back into the space, there will be no warming effect. Due to the fact that this energy has been reflected back, the earth experiences a cooling effect. Balancing of the energy leaving and entering the earth’s surface has been over a long period of time changed by both human and natural factors (Houghton, 2004). This has brought; variations in the sun’s energy reaching the earth’s surface, changes have occurred in the reflectivity of earth’s surface and that of the atmosphere. It has also caused major changes in the greenhouse effect, which has considerably affected the amount of heat that is retained in the earth’s atmosphere. ... And when all these challenges dawns at once, human beings and other living organisms have no chance rather to be exposed climate related health effects, increased risks of illnesses and more death that are as a result of extreme heat and heat waves from the sun (Have, Agius, & Unesco.2006). There is no short cut to curb these climate related problems. The only way out is to act now and try if we can reduce our carbon emissions in to the atmosphere, plant more trees, slow down the pace of global warming. And to the next generation, we should pass on to them a healthier and a safer world. The main goal of environmental policy is to ensure that the environment is protected for the future generation. The regulations are created to ensure that there is a great control of disposal of hazardous waste into the environment and to increase the quality of water and air which circulates in the atmosphere. When all these are taken into control, to a greater extent, it is going to balance the amou nt of energy entering and leaving the earth surface. It will also boost the reflectivity of the earth’s surface and that of the atmosphere which in turn brings the cooling effect to the earth. It will considerably bring to control the climatic change that results into greenhouse effect that determines the amount of heat retained in the atmosphere. Different governments in the world have written and established various policies (Robbins,et al.2010). These rules and regulations have to a lesser extent helped to curb the problem of global warming that has claimed the lives of innocent citizens, deteriorated world economies and destruction of properties due to earth quakes.

Ocean Park Brand Equity Essay Example for Free

Ocean Park Brand Equity Essay I am genuinely tank to Mr. Nicholas Tam for supporting me all the time and spending many hours on my final year project. This was totally appreciated that he provided many professional and useful advices and recommendations to me. Otherwise, I would also like to thanks Mr. C. N. Lo as my second marker and give me suggestion to improve my project. ABSTRACT Ocean Park Hong Kong is a home-grown treasure. It is also one of the most popular amusement parks in the world, providing educational, conservation and entertainment. Ocean Park Hong Kong has brought joy to local and overseas visitors throughout her 30-year history. She lets everyone in Hong Kong has a special and memorable experiences. In these 30 years, it experienced many impacts that are occurred by outside and inside of the organization. They also recorded a deficit for a certain years. But it was carried out the revolutions continually. Afterwards, the business is still running. Recently, some information indicated that the ranking of the most popular amusement park of the world, which is the Ocean Park Hong Kong higher than Hong Kong Disneyland. Finally, through survey, focus group interview and brands performance measures, to conclude that the brand equity of Ocean Park was better. Better leadership, better quality, builds up customer loyalty. CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION Ocean Park is one of the theme parks in Hong Kong. â€Å"Marine† is the majority theme of the park. It is located at the Southern District of Hong Kong, and it was opened on 10 January 1977. It was constructed at a land granted by the government, and then the funding of construction is granted by the Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC), and it also operated by HKJC. In January 1979, Ocean Park introduced a Killer Whale for the visitors. It becomes a one of the selling points of the park. In the inception stage, there is not enough amusement rides for the public. But, there was expanded their scale of the park, and increased much more amusement rides into the park. The operating capital of Ocean Park was depends on the revenue from tickets and donation from HKJC in earlier stage. It also has a significant deficit for a long time because the price is set on the low side. In 1 July 1987, the â€Å"Ocean Park Ordinance† is constituted by the government. HKJC will granted that they are established the trust with $200M funding. In this time, Ocean Park becomes a non-profit making organization and needs to self-finance. The park changed their business to commercial-oriented, and increasing its ticket price. Thus, the park enhanced its financial conditions to be positive. In 1998, the park recorded deficit again caused by some factors, such as East Asian Financial Crisis. Although it received 2 pandas from China, it still could not increase the visitor’s attraction of the park. The park also closed the water attractions and the Middle Kingdom. And then, it introduced more amusement rises for visitors especially for the teenagers such as the Abyss Turbo Drop and the Mine Train. In Fiscal Year 2004/2005, there are more than 4 million visitors during a year. This is renewing the record since the park is opened. It is caused that PRC government implemented the â€Å"Individual Visit Scheme† under CEPA. Ocean Park revealed its redevelopment plan in 2005, which will upgrades the quality and availability of features at the park. This is response the impacts from the opening of Disneyland. Ocean Park is also held a groundbreaking ceremony for its redevelopment project in November of 2006. According to the Attraction Attendance 2008 releases by Economics Research Associates (ERA) and Themed Entertainment Association (TEA) on 16 April, Ocean Park is the world’s number 15 theme park, Asia’s 5th theme park (Judith Rubin, 2009). (Appendix 1b) 1. Industry Background The tourism industry is one of the four key industries in the Hong Kong economy. There were two types of tourism which were inbound tourism and outbound. For inbound tourism, there were 5 groups of sub-industries which included retail trade, hotels and boarding houses, Restaurants, Cross-boundary passenger transport services and others. The value added of tourism in 2006 and 2007 were HK$45,300 Million and HK$52,300 Million. There was increased around 14% from 2006 to 2007. And the employment in this industry in 2006 and 2007 was 176,300 and 193,800. There was increased around more than 8% from 2006 to 2007 (Census and Statistics Department, HKSAR, 2009). (Appendix 9) In order to support the poor economic condition, Hong Kong government was provided some supporting projects to the tourism industry such as â€Å"the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA)† and â€Å"Individual Visit Scheme†. These projects both were cooperated with PRC. Ocean Park is one of the participators in the amusement park market. Its major competitor is Hong Kong Disneyland. Before Disneyland involved its business in Hong Kong, Ocean Park was the only one participator in this market during the other amusement parks were closed their business such as Lai Chi Kok Amusement Park. On the other hand, the amusement park from neighbor country should also be the major competitors for Ocean Park such as Happy Valley from Shenzhen, PRC. As a famous landmark of Hong Kong, Ocean Park was a successful company in this industry. In accordance with the Attraction Attendance 2008, the 2008 attendance was equal to 5. 03 Million. It was a leading brand of the amusement park market (Judith Rubin, 2009) (Appendix 1b). In conclusion, Ocean Park should be capturing the opportunity derived from increasing attendance and the supporting from government, and focus its competence for facing the threat generated by intensive competition from the neighbor country. 2. Statement of issue In past certain years, Ocean Park faced impacts in different period of time, for example, East Asian Financial Crisis, SARS, and external environment. For the financial issue, Ocean Park was faced the financial distress on past certain years especially for the East Asian financial crisis. Besides, for the external environmental issue, Ocean Park should also be faced to the new entrants of Hong Kong amusement park market that was Disneyland. Ocean Park was a domestic famous brand in Hong Kong. On the other hand, Disneyland was an international famous brand. The overall size of organization of Ocean Park should be smaller than Disneyland. 3. Purpose of the study Propose of this study is to understand customer’s brand equity of Ocean Park. A result of questionnaire survey is to ascertain the sources (Brand Equity Ten) of brand equity of Ocean Park. Base on the findings of the survey, propose that the critical success factor of the theme park. CHAPTER II – LITERATURE REVIEW The Brand Equity Ten will be applying in this study, which is an effective method to evaluate brand equity. Ten sets of measures grouped into five categories, are shown in Table 1. The first four categories are to measure customer perceptions of the brand. The four categories of brand equity are including loyalty, perceived quality, associations, and awareness. The last category is to collect information from the market based information rather than directly from customers (D. Aaker, 1996). 1. Loyalty Measures Since it is now widely recognized that it is much less costly and much more profitable to keep existing customers than to win new ones, customer retention become an important goal for most organizations. In principle its simple: you just have to keep your existing customer (N. Hill, J. Alexander, 2006). The Hong Kong amusement park industry was created a monopoly loyalty during there was only two participators in the market, such as Ocean Park and Disneyland. The loyalty of these two amusement parks might be generated by devotion of its customers, for instance, the customer would be sought some adventure experiences at Ocean park during there was provided many thrill rides. Besides, if the customer would be found some story of fairy tales, they would go to Disneyland, it is because customer can be met many famous characters like Mickey Mouse. 1. Price Premium â€Å"A basic indicator of loyalty is the amount a customer will pay for the brand in comparison with another brand (or set of comparison brands) offering similar benefits†(D.Aaker, 1996). For the admission fees of both Ocean Park and Disneyland, there was a large difference between parks. For instance, in the adult’s general admission fees, Ocean Park was HK$208, and Disneyland was HK$350. Therefore, the price premium should be HK$142. 1. Perceived Quality/Leadership Measures â€Å"Perceived quality is often the key positioning dimension for corporate brands (such as Toshiba or Ford) and other brands that range over product classes (such as Weight Watchers, Kraft, and store brands such as Safeway Select). Because these brands span product classes, they are less likely to be driven by functional benefits, and perceived quality is likely to play a larger role. (D. Aaker, 2009) For Ocean Park, it provided different amusement facilities to visitors. Besides, Disneyland provided the story of fairy tales to visitors. Visitors could earn the different experiences during they are visiting these two parks. They would use the last experience to evaluate the perceived quality of the parks. â€Å"Leading brands are perceived to be relevant, unique and compelling. They inspire customer loyalty and enable organizations to charge price premiums. They increase bargaining power with business partners, make it easier to hire and retain talented employees and provide organizations with clear strategic direction and platforms for future growth. †(B. VanAuken, 2007) Both Ocean Park and Disneyland were performed their services at a unique and compelling ways. For example, Ocean Park provides a lot of amusement facilities for visitors; some facilities were very unique in Hong Kong such as Giant Panda Habitat. On the other hand, Disneyland arranges many owned international famous characters that visitors may take some photos with them. 2. Associations/ Differentiation Measures â€Å"The key associations/differentiation component of brand equity usually involves image dimensions that are unique to a product class or to a brand. The challenge, then, is to generate general measures that will work across product classes. † (D. Aaker, 1996) Since Ocean Park was opened, it was established a personal image for visitors that it was provided some messages like ocean protection and education, exciting experience. Visitors had no doubtful that the meaning of Ocean Park, and they was knew that it was not an amusement park only. Also, Disneyland was generated a dreaming place for visitors to enjoy a childlike and entertaining tour for their each visit. But it was not provided other functional characters to the public such as educational activities. 3. Awareness Measures â€Å"Brand awareness measures the accessibility of the brand in memory. Brand awareness can measured through brand recall or brand recognition. Brand recall reflects the ability of consumers to retrieve the brand from memory when given the product category. † (P. Chandon, 2003) Both Ocean Park and Disneyland were achieved to brand awareness. For Ocean Park, visitors may be bethought its owned characters when they were went to it such as Dolphin, Giant Panda, thrill rides and etc. On the other hand, also, Disneyland was gained the high level of international attention. Visitors were recall its owned characters like Winnie the Pooh, Stitch, and they can be got this memory outside it such as TV and other side-products of its owned characters. The dimension of differentiation in the association category is a summary of brand associations (D.Aaker, 1996). 4. Market Behavior Measures 1. Market Share â€Å"The performance of a brand as measured by market share (and/or sales) often provides a valid and sensitive reflection of the brand’s standing with customers. When the brand has a relative advantage in the minds of customers, its market share should increase or at least not decrease. † (D. Aaker, 1996) The performance of an amusement park can be measured by some elements such as its functions, service level, customer relationship management and etc. It can be grew its admission income during the higher service performance that it can be performed. 2. Price and Distribution Indices â€Å"Market share can be a particularly deceptive brand equity measure when it increases as a result of reduced prices or price promotions. Thus, it is important to measure the relative market price at which the brand is being sold. † (D. Aaker, 1996). â€Å"Market share or sales data are also extremely sensitive to distribution coverage. Sales may be dramatically affected when a brand gains or loses a major market or expands into another geographic region. A measure of distribution coverage is thus a second logical companion measure to market share. † (D. Aaker, 1996). As an amusement park, the market price data was equal to the admission income of a year, because this was majority source for capturing its operating resources. Besides, it indicated that the admission income might be affected by the change in attendance directly. On the other hand, the price and distribution indices should be reflected the market share that can be evaluated by admission attendance during a year. This may be found out the true picture of the growth of admission attendance rather than depends on admission income. CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY 1. Sample Design Data will be collected by using a questionnaire. It is use to measure customer perceptions of the brand along with the four categories (D. Aaker, 1996). The questionnaire is use to survey those people who are visited Hong Kong Ocean Park and Hong Kong Disneyland before. It is to ensure that the data from respondents are effective and reliable. The questionnaire will be distributed to them through e-mail, and the respondents are classmates, teachers, familiars, friends, and colleagues. 100 samples were collected through this survey. 2. Questionnaire Design First, questionnaire is used to measure the four categories, which are Loyalty Measures (price premium and satisfaction/loyalty), Perceived Quality/Leadership Measures (perceived quality, and leadership), Associations/Differentiation Measures (perceived value, brand personality, organizational associations, and differentiation), and Awareness Measures (brand awareness). Second, setting demographic factors, respondents were required to answer their personal information, including gender, age, monthly income, occupation and education. It is in order to compare the general information with the 25 items, and find out the critical success factor of Ocean Park. Nine dimensions including 25 items, plus 5 items of general information, there are totally 30 questions. Third, this study will compare with Disneyland because it is the mainly competitor in Hong Kong. The questionnaire format is Part A is Ocean Park, Part B is Disneyland, and Part C is the general information. â€Å"5-point Likert Scale† is usually used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research. †. There were used 5 choices of answer question for respondents to answer their questionnaire except general information. It was included â€Å"Strongly Disagree†, â€Å"Disagree†, â€Å"Neutral†, â€Å"Agree† and â€Å"Strongly agree†. (Answers. com, 2009) Fourth, set â€Å"Missing Data†. It is to reduce or ignore the answer of unclear, ambiguous or answer more than one choice, etc. The questionnaire format could refer to Appendix 7. 3. Statistical Package for the Social Science(SPSS) SPSS was established in 1968 by Norman H. Nie, C. Hadlai (Tex) Hull and Dale H. Bent. They want developed a revolutionary software system in order to turn raw data into representative information in an easily way. According to the SPSS’s website, â€Å"This revolutionary statistical software system was called SPSS, which stood for the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Nie, Hull and Bent developed SPSS out of the need to quickly analyze volumes of social science data gathered through various methods of research. † (SPSS INC. , 2009). In addition to statistics analysis, the features of the base software, which are included Descriptive statistics (Cross tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptives, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics), Bivariate statistics (Means, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation (bivariate, partial, distances), Nonparametric tests), Prediction for numerical outcomes (Linear regression), and Prediction for identifying groups (Factor analysis, cluster analysis (two-step, K-means, hierarchical), Discriminant) (Wikipedia, 2009). In this report, there was using SPSS to analyze the statistical information, there are included Cronbach Alpha Reliability Analysis, Mean and Standard Deviation, Crosstab Test. 1. Reverse Scoring In order to calculate some opposite data in one dimension, there should be rescored the negative data to turn into positive data. This can be increasing the reliability and correlation among data in one dimension. â€Å"Items that are negatively worded in a scale must be rescored in a positive direction in order to match the other items in a scale† (S. Stark, et. al. , 2001). In the questionnaire, Question 22 25 of Part A and B was used this function that in order to find out the reliable and correlated data, and these sets of data should be opposite to other data in same dimension. 2. Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Analysis â€Å"Cronbachs alpha measures how well a set of items (or variables) measures a single unidimensional latent construct. When data have a multidimensional structure, Cronbachs alpha will usually be low. Technically speaking, Cronbachs alpha is not a statistical test it is a coefficient of reliability (or consistency). (UCLA Academic Technology Services) There were used the Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Analysis to find out the reliability. The output table will then be displayed the Cronbach’s Alpha of the dimension. 3. Mean and Standard Deviation â€Å"The mean, indicated by ? (a lower case Greek mu), is the statisticians jargon for the average value of a signal. It is found just as you would expect: add all of the samples together, and divide by N. † (S. Smith, 2007) It is the use to find out the average in a group of population. There were calculated the means by all of the scoring of each question. Afterwards, added up the separate mean from all dimensions which were found out the total mean of each category. â€Å"The standard deviation is one of several indices of variability that statisticians use to characterize the dispersion among the measures in a given population. To calculate the standard deviation of a population it is first necessary to calculate that populations variance. Numerically, the standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Unlike the variance, which is a somewhat abstract measure of variability, the standard deviation can be readily conceptualized as a distance along the scale of measurement. † (R. Hoffman, 2002) Besides, the standard deviation was displayed on the output table of SPSS in order to analyze the dispersion of the result of nine dimensions. 4. Crosstab Test â€Å"Cross-tabulations give us much more insight into the data than do simple profiles or frequency distributions. Cross-tabulations are an example of bivariate analysis (i. e. , examining the relationship between two variables). However, cross-tabulations are of limited value, too, because we are realistically restricted to examining the relationship between only two variables at a time (e. g. , customer status and age; customer status and income; etc.). If we try to examine a cross-tabulation of more than two variables at a time, the results are very difficult to visualize and interpret meaningfully. † (SmartDrill, 2008) There was used the crosstabulation to compare the variability of general information. This can be easily found out the difference between two set of data. 4. Focus Group â€Å"Focus groups are a powerful means to evaluate services or test new ideas. Basically, focus groups are interviews, but of 6-10 people at the same time in the same group. One can get a great deal of information during a focus group session. † (C. McNamara, 2006) 5. Data Analysis. 1. Calculated the mean and standard deviation for all of 9 dimensions in order to find out the overall performance of both Ocean Park and Disneyland. 2. Used SPSS reverse scoring function in order to make some conflict data that reversed into same way. This can make that the reliability must higher than origin data. Besides, Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Analysis can be found out the reliability of all of the dimensions, and ignored some irrelative items in the dimensions. This can improve the reliability for each dimensions that if deleted the items. 3. Calculate the mean with both Ocean Park and Disneyland. 4. Used crosstabulation to compare which the general information of both Ocean Park and Disneyland such as age, gender and income, 5. After used of SPSS, there were formed a focus group that was invited 7 interviewees in order to discuss the issues that occurred in the result from SPSS. 6. Besides, found some corporate information of Ocean Park and Disneyland which how to performed the market behavior. 7. Match the result of mean analysis and the result of crosstabutaion analysis, in order to find out the source of brand equity and the critical successful factor of the theme park. CHAPTER IV – RESULTS. 4 Sample and Descriptive Statistics This survey totally collected 100 samples, 57 respondents are male and 43 respondents are female. The majority respondents aged between 20 to 24 years olds (83%). In the monthly income group, nearly 50% of respondents their salaries were $5,001 to $10,000 per month. Monthly income was â€Å"less than $5,000† which had 41% of respondents. Many of respondents were students and workers (80%). Over a half of respondents had education level at diploma levels or associate degree, and 37% of respondents had education level at undergraduate or postgraduate. (Appendix 2) 2. Cronbach Alpha Reliability Analysis. This research has nine dimensions which are belong to the four categories. The dimensions are including 25 items. Use the Cronbach Alpha Reliability Analysis to find out the reliabilities between the 25 items and the nine dimensions. The reliability test in order to define questions whether it is fit/relative to the nine dimensions. This can find out which items can be more significant and which are the insignificant. The existence of the items was whether or not to affect the result of the dimensions such as completion, reliability and accuracy. (Appendix 3) 3. Mean and Standard Deviations Table 2: Comparison of Mean and S. D. of dimensions with Ocean Park and Disneyland |Categories |Dimensions |Ocean Park |Disneyland |Mean Differences |Ranking | | | |Mean |Std. Deviation |Mean |Std. Deviation | | | |Loyalty Measures | |Dimensions |Ocean Park |Disneyland | |Price Premium |Medium |High (Negative) | |Satisfaction/ Loyalty |High (Positive) |High (Negative) | |Perceived Quality |High (Positive) |High (Negative) | |Leadership |High (Positive) |High (Negative) | |Perceived Value |Medium |High (Negative) | |Brand Personality |High (Positive) |Medium | |Organizational Associations |Medium |Medium | |Brand Awareness |High (Positive) |High (Negative). | |Market Share |- |- | |Price and Distribution Indices |Medium |Medium | 1. Loyalty According to the result after crosstab the items, it found that in the loyalty category, the effect of price premium for Ocean Park was medium. The acceptability of the admission price for Ocean Park was relatively higher than the Disneyland. Its admission price was cheaper than Disneyland. Comparatively speaking, the effect of price premium for Disneyland was high. The acceptability of the admission price was low, that was relatively expensive. The influence of price premium on Disneyland is negative. Besides, the result reflected that price was not the determining factor for respondents to switch brand. On the other hands, the effect of satisfaction for Ocean Park was high. The park was better than Disneyland in satisfied customers needs and wants. Loyalty was built by a cumulative result, which were the customers’ past visit experiences with the brands. The result indicated that the opportunity of respondents’ revisit the parks was based on their last visit experiences. Ocean Park was better than Disneyland, respondents were willing to recommend Ocean Park to others rather than Disneyland. The influence of satisfaction on Ocean Park is positive. However, the effect of satisfaction for Disneyland was high. It brings a negative influence on the park. In satisfied customers needs and wants, Disneyland was worse than Ocean Park. Respondents were unsatisfied with their last visit experience. Only seldom of respondents would revisit the park on the next opportunity and recommend the park to others. During the result of satisfaction was negative, the management from Disneyland would improve the quality for satisfying customers’ needs and wants. 2. Perceived Quality/Leadership. The result reflected that there was a linkage between perceived quality and leadership, Compare with Disneyland, Ocean Park was popular and more innovative, it was the leading brand in Hong Kong, and overall Ocean Park was better in quality. It implied that better leadership, better quality. It helps Ocean Park to keep closer relationship with loyal customers and less of switchers. The effect of perceived quality/leadership for Ocean Park was medium. Oppositely, Disneyland was worse, it was not innovative enough and not much popular than Ocean Park, and therefore Disneyland was not the leading brand in Hong Kong. One of reasons might cause by the negative news about the park. The effect of perceives quality/leadership for Disneyland was high and negative. 3. Associations/Differentiation Ocean Park could provide good value for the money. The effect of perceived value for Ocean Park was medium. Disneyland could not provide good value for the money. The effect of perceived value for the park was high and negative. Ocean Park had its own personality and it was interesting. Respondents had a clear image of the type of person who would visit the park. The effect of personality for Ocean Park was high and positive. Disneyland also had its own personality. However, seldom of respondents were agreed the park was interesting. Normally, respondents had a clear image for what type of person would visit the park. The personality of Disneyland was medium. The personality of Disneyland was indistinct. It could reflect the respondents’ imagery, which was a key driver of brand personality. About the organization management of Ocean Park, the results reflected that respondents were answered â€Å"neutral† about the organization trust and admire the Ocean Park Company. But the respondents thought that the organization association with Ocean Park had credibility. The effect of organization for the park was medium. On the other hand, many respondents were answered â€Å"neutral† about the organization trust with Disneyland, and admire the Disneyland Company, and the credibility of organization association. The results implied that the respondents were lack of knowledge about the organization management beheld Disneyland. The effect of organization for the park was medium. Organization management back of the theme parks is usually ignored by the visitors. It is because its lack of attractive for the visitors associated with its services. Therefore, the effect of this dimension with both companies was medium. Overall, Ocean Park and Disneyland were different. 4. Awareness Recognition of Ocean Park and Disneyland were high. Respondents had heard of the two parks, it was important for the exist brands. Moreover, respondents were knew what the parks stand for, it reflected that customers had a level of brand knowledge. Besides, respondents were no opinion about Ocean Park, but respondents had opinion with Disneyland. The result of brand opinion implied that respondents were less confidence with Disneyland. The effect of awareness for Ocean Park was high and positive, and for Disneyland was high and negative. . 5. Market Behavior For the market share measure, there was lack of information to compare the sales performance between Ocean Park and Disneyland. Therefore, the effect of market for both Ocean and Disneyland would not be evaluated. As the result, the market price was not compared between Ocean Park and Disneyland, because Disneyland’s admission income was not being provided in the Annual Report individually. The financial information of Hong Kong Disneyland was combined with European Disneyland. In the distribution coverage, the result of Attraction Attendance 2007 and 2008 (Appendix 1a b) indicated that Ocean Park had higher indicated that Ocean Park had recorded higher attendance rather than Disneyland. It is implied that Ocean Park should be more successful on the admission income, and gained a large number of visitors rather than Disneyland. On the other hand, Disneyland had higher distribution coverage on the world, because it involved that its operations were involved 5 countries in the world. Besides, Ocean Park had lower distribution coverage in the market, because it only had one amusement in the world. As a result, both of Ocean Park and Disneyland were medium in the effect of market price/ distribution indices. To conclude that after use high/low method to compare with the two parks, it found that the brand equity of Ocean Park was better. Table 3 shown each category has a key driver of influence. Loyalty, the key driver is satisfaction. Perceived quality and leadership measures, leadership variable in this category should be considered. The key component of associations and differentiation measures is including the personality. In the category of awareness measures, brand awareness is the important component. Attendance of distribution coverage in market behavior is the most important. Matching mean analysis with crosstab test analysis, it found out that the loyalty is the most influence category among the brand equity of Ocean Park. The dimension of satisfaction in the loyalty category is the critical success factor of Ocean Park. CHAPTER VI – DISCUSSION During the study, there were faced such problems. This part of discussion would point out the problems, in order to share the editor’s opinions with those people who would having study or survey in the future. 1. Questionnaire Setting 1. Sample of the survey is not many, only collected 100 samples, representation of the result is low. 2. The method of collecting the data is not good enough. It is because through e-mail, which is inconvenience, low efficiency, and usually will ignore by addressees. E-mail is a passive method, and the respondents their replies are also passive. 3. Questionnaire is distributed to visitors through e-mail. Some respondents had their feedback about the questionnaire, such as wrong words, the questionnaire format, etc. 4. Focus on the questionnaire design, it could be improved. For example, in the price premium, the questionnaire did not ask respondents some questions about the â€Å"dollar metric†, and market research approach (conjoint/ â€Å"trade-off† analysis). Therefore, the dimension of price premium can not be accurately and clearly to analysis whether it can build up customer loyalty and whether it is important part of loyalty measures. 2. Information Collection 1. In the category of Market Behavior, there were not found some accurate information about the â€Å"Market Share† and â€Å"Market Price†. That is the admission price of Disneyland. According to the Disneyland Annual Report 2008, the financial information about Hong Kong Disneyland was displayed that it was combined the financial information associated with European Disneyland. This is indicated that the financial information should not be compared with Ocean Park directly, because any changes of the financial information may be occurred by both Hong Kong and European one. Therefore, the related information should not be really reflected the true information especially for Hong Kong Disneyland. 3. SPSS Data Entry and Output 1. When setting the questionnaires, sometimes, may need to set some reverse questions. For example, asking respondents that â€Å"Ocean Park is different from Disneyland† and â€Å"Ocean Park is basically the same as Disneyland†, that is reverse question.

Overt or covert observations

Overt or covert observations Question 1 The researcher says that [i]ntense observations in the classroom and playground area were completed [and] detailed observations were conducted in lessons(p.184). What can you infer about the things she observed and the methods she used to record her observations? Qualitative research is an effort to understand situations in their uniqueness as part of a particular context and the interactions there. (Merriam, 2009:14) An ethnographer participates, overtly or covertly, in peoples daily lives for an extended period of time, watching what happens, listening to what is said, asking questions; in fact collecting whatever data are available to throw light on the issues with which he or she is concerned. (Flick 2005:146) The author, Lisa Russell is a young female ethnographer entering the research field for the first time. This paper is a description of The implications of investigating student resistance and the importance of how the researchers; personal dispositions influence the research process are discussed. (Russell, 2005:181) The research was conducted in three culturally diverse schools of Birmingham and Sydney and the information was gathered through observations and interviews. Students in the age bracket of 14-16 years were identified for observation, especially the ones finding the experience difficult either academically or emotionally (Watts, 2001; Russell, 2005:184) According to Esterberg, ethnography is intensively studying a specific social group by observing the group in its natural setting (Esterberg, 2002:8). Sometimes ethnography and participant observation are used interchangeably. But to its contrary, ethnography requires a participation observation style of fieldwork. Participant observation thus can most usefully be seen as a means of producing ethnographies rather than as synonymously with ethnography. (Thorpe Holt, 2008:100) Russell being new to the field entered her research ground with no ideal, logical step-by-step approach (Russell, 2005:182). She used her relative inexperience to her advantage. She started her research by observing students in various classes and free time. She observed them in their favorite and least favorite modules, covering one of the most popular aspects of student resistance. Once the trust between them grew, she advanced to spending time with them in their own comfort zones, which gave her more of an insight to their personal lives. This way she managed to get valuable information concerning their behavior and problems. There were instances when she witnessed highly disruptive behavior of students, like that of a male student kick and bash a school vendor machine during break-time (Russell, 2005:193) but blinded herself to the situation. At the same time, there were occasions when she found herself caught in uncomfortable circumstances like the time she landed up in the deputys office as she was with students who got late for class. Names like the follower and leech suggest that during the initial stages Russell was not accepted by the students as she shadowed them all around. But gradually she managed to gain one of the most vital aspects of the study trust. Ethnographers are viewed differently as a relationship is built up and trust developed. (Cassell Symon 2004:316). I feel her main tool for recording data was a daily logbook, but filling the same in front of her research subjects could make them very suspicious and inquisitive. Although as her relationship with the students strengthened, she allowed the researched the chance to see what was being written about them (Russell, 2005:187).This she did to gain feedback and more importantly trust. To conclude, I feel the main aspect she focused throughout was to develop a trustworthy relationship with the students. This she did over a gradual period as she observed and learned from them. Question 2 The author is a young ethnographer researching teenagers (p.193). What difference does our knowledge of her age and personal details make to the account? Qualitative research is a form of interpretative inquiry in which researchers make an interpretation of what they see, hear and understand. Their interpretation cannot be separated from their own backgrounds, history, contexts, and prior understandings. (Creswell, 2009:176) The author, Lisa Russell is a young, novice, female, white, northern English ethnographer (Russell, 2005:181). Her smallness in height and build influenced how students and teachers interacted with [her]. (Russell, 2005:182) Russell used a very reflexive approach towards her research and took into consideration how different aspects of her personal disposition affected her entire study. Researchers reflections on their actions and observations in the field, their impressions, irritations, feelings and so on, become data in their own right, forming part of the interpretation, (Flick, 2005:6) I feel her age -23-24 at the time of field work (Russell, 2005:182) and youthful nature helped her immensely in developing a trustworthy bond with the students. The students opened up to her about their grievances which they might not have done with someone older and more experienced. The researchers ability to build relationships and develop rapport with subjects is crucial. (Thorpe Holt, 2008:151) Her repetitive emphasis on her age and naivety throughout the paper shows that these facets of her personal disposition helped her to engage in discussions and activities with the teenaged students, which if she was older wouldnt have been able to do. Her closeness to their age made it simpler for both herself and the students to be able to relate to each other. Although, at the same time it was difficult for her to develop a similar bond with the teachers and she felt exceptionally uncomfortable in staffroom discussions. In my opinion, she put in a lot of effort and time into understanding the point of view of the students and didnt do the same with the teachers. But as she graduated to the third school her heightened confidence and greater experience (Russell, 2005:188) made it easier for her to relate to and interact with the teachers. This paper also brings into account the being there quality. Good ethnography is about communicating the impression of having truly been there, of having had close-in contact with far-out lives while at the same time making the reader feel he or she has been there too. (Bate, 1997:1163) In the context of Russells paper the way she elucidates her experience and subsequently her problems, make it very easy for us to believe and understand her observations. I as a student believed that the intense description about her personal characteristics played a significant role in helping me comprehend her entire research. I also inferred that as an amateur, she mentioned her young and novice personality keeping in mind that even if her study was not up to the mark it would have been excusable. I held a degree of emotional attachment towards some students given the significant time I had spent with them and the nature and detail of their lives they had shared with me. (Russell, 2005:196) This confession of hers illustrates that she let herself get emotionally involved with the students. Students also, at times would seek for support and guidance (from her or consider Russell as a shoulder to cry on (Russell, 2005:196). Since this was her first ever ethnography leaving the field and detaching herself from her research subjects, became difficult. Russells reflexive approach and personal disposition especially her age influenced and widened her scope for the study. This nature of the report helped her retain authenticity throughout the paper. Question 3 Russell claims that her ethnographic research investigates the complex and sometimes contradictory culture(s) of student resistance to schooling (Wills, 1977) (p. 181). How is this claim supported in the paper? According to Russell This study examines the significance and relationship between class, gender and ethnicity in the construction of resistance. It aims to understand how the wider societal and cultural environment influences the working of a school and the behaviour of the actors within it. (Russell, 2005:182) Student resistance is often perceived as explicit rejection of formal education. It is a deliberate yet hesitant activity of students arising due to social, cultural, emotional and academic concerns. According John Deweys comment that teaching and learning are much like selling and buying: One might as well say he has sold when no one has bought, as to say that he has taught when no one has learned'(Dewey, 1910,p.29) (Provenzo, ed. 2006) The students selected for the research ranged from truancy issues and students negative attitude towards school and learning to low self-esteem concerns.(Russell, 2005:184). Taking the instance of a student who had an alcoholic mother and [was struggling] to cope with her domestic responsibilities (Russell, 2005:185) shows that how a family related problem can hamper a persons education and make her unenthusiastic about school. In my opinion this supplement is a conflicting account. As mentioned clearly in the paper it aims at providing an insight to student resistance to schooling, where as there is not much mentioned about the same. According to my inference, it explores the experience and problems faced by the researcher, Lisa Russell during the course of her research. She at the same time concentrates on describing the methodologies used for observations and to gather information. On the other hand, she made the study interesting for readers to read by providing examples to support her content. Ethnography is art, science and craft rolled into one. As artists we seek to capture experiences in images and representations which symbolize reality; in this regard, expression is more important than precision. (Bate, 1997:1153) This repository statement, expression is more important than precision holds true in this study. I as a student found the report very engrossing because of the way she articulated her encounters with her research subjects. Some which put her into awkward situations while trying to gain trust from disruptive students made the account appealing. A few others were when she witnessed students truant, thieve, damage school property, take illegal substances and even [asked her] to participate. (Russell, 2005:193) Russell subconsciously seemed to be bias towards the students. Bias may be viewed as unavoidable as researchers often hold sympathy for some groups over the others. (Russell, 2005:190) Since this study was centered around students she preferred to take their side predominantly, intending to gain further insight into student resistance. I personally would have preferred to know more about the teachers since they played an equally important role in the research. She could have discussed the teachers reaction to some of the above instances in detail. In conclusion I believe this paper constitutes more about Russells experiential data and personal disposition than on its primary topic of student resistance. Reconsidering Work-Life Balance Debates: Challenging Limited Understandings of the Life Component in the Context of Ethnic Minority Womens Experiences Nicolina Kamenou Question 1 The author appears to have had difficulties recruiting interviewees (see especially p.s102). Why, for example, might an organization withdraw from the study claiming restructuring was in progress? (p.102) Work-life balance means that individuals have successfully segmented or integrated life and work so as to achieve a satisfying quality of life, overall satisfaction and less strain or stress around juggling conflicting role demands. (Blyton et al., 2006:2) The work-life balance equation (Kamenou, 2008:S99) is a vast concept covering a number of aspects ranging from career, ambition, family, pleasure and culture. Suitable prioritising between the same helps to accomplish ones goal in life. This article is centred on ethnic minority womens experiences of managing their work and personal lives. (Kamenou, 2008:S99). The author, Nicolina Kamenou, collected the data via semi structured, in depth interviews primarily with ethnic minority females. The perception of ethnic minority men, white women and white men was also taken for comparison. The broader study aimed to investigate best practice on the equality issues but also to examine whether the reality matched the rhetoric of equality of opportunity within organizations by exploring employees perceptions and experiences. (Kamenou, 2008:S102). The author evidently faced difficulties in recruiting interviewees, since only three out of the twenty organisations approached responded positively to the invitation (Kamenou, 2008:S102). Further to this, one of them withdrew claiming restructuring was in progress. The basic strategy for in depth interviews should be in three stages prepare, contact, and follow up (MacDougall Fudge, 2001). These stages include preparing for the research by describing and constructing a sample, negotiating with the key people or organisations personally, and providing feedback and maintaining relationship with the participants. Initially I feel a loop hole in the recruitment procedure could have led to rejection from many of the organisations contacted. Besides this there could be many reasons for it. This study is mostly based on topics such as ethnicity, culture, religion, racism and sexism which are very sensitive in nature. One of the main reasons for companies to withdraw from the research could have been to avoid any controversy. They would not want to risk their reputation and find themselves involved in any problematic situation as a consequence of the research. The firm which withdrew claiming restructuring was in progress was a financial organisation. This shows that the management could have been worried about the companys inside information since such a research could have revealed confidential data to the market and its competitors and thus affected its integrity. The company possibly had something to hide. On the other hand if a company is confident, a research is a good way of gaining credibility and even one of the cheaper ways of getting feedback from its employees. I also feel, stating the real names of the participating organisations could have been avoided. Kamenou should have used pseudonyms instead as confidentiality is a significant factor of researches. Confidentiality must be assured as the primary safeguard against unwanted exposure. All personal data ought to be secured or concealed and made public only behind a shield of anonymity. (Denzin Lincoln, 2000:139). Kamenou could have most definitely got a better response from the companies initially contacted, had she offered to keep the names anonymous. In my opinion, the sensitive character of the study and the matter of confidentiality, were the main reasons which lead to the difficulties faced by the researcher while recruiting interviewees. I also believe, that a better response could have been achieved had the interviewees been assured about the authenticity of the information being published. Regarding the financial company no conclusion can be drawn as we have no proof against them. Question 2 Would you expect differences between the people in organizations where formal access had been been granted and the independent group identified through personal networking? (p. s102) If so, what might these differences be? In this article, Kamenou focuses on the specificities in the experiences of ethnic minority women, incorporating other groups experiences where necessary, with regard to balancing their work and personal life (Kamenou 2008:S107). For this purpose both males and females from different cultural backgrounds were selected to be interviewed. The researcher recruited these interviewees formally from organizations. An independent group of participants was also identified through personal networking across a range of various public, private and voluntary organizations. All the participants varied in their occupations. The researcher derived information from a number of job profiles, to name a few there were nurses, managers, lawyers and psychologists. The researcher conducted semi structured, in-depth interviews. The main goal of these interviews was to explore a topic more openly and to allow interviewees to express their opinions and ideas in their own words. (Esterberg, 2002:86). The researcher must have certainly got different responses from the formally approached people and the independent group. Since the exact procedure of recruiting the interviewees has not been mentioned, I feel that the participants of the organizations where formal access was granted may not have been given a choice. Thus, they may not have voluntarily agreed and would have been least interested in the research. They would have restrained from giving out information concerning their organization with the fear of it reaching higher authorities and thus loosing their jobs. At the same time their response could have been manipulated by the employers to gain publicity. On the other hand, the independent group were people selected through personal networking and thus their cooperation was completely voluntary. We can refer to it as snowball sampling. This basically means when existing research subjects refer future subjects from among their acquaintances to help widen the information base. Such participants would have been interested and involved in the interview. They would have been more forthcoming with their response. Since these participants were being interviewed without any pressure form an organization, they would have been more willing and open about discussing their personal experiences. The only problem in such sampling is that of bias. The researcher could have recruited these participants according to her own convenience. She might have selected them with the point of view of extracting maximum information. In my opinion, the independent group would have been more fascinating and appropriate to interview since they would have provided with more intense and authentic information than the formal access participants. A key reason for including the independent group was to add richness to the data by looking at minority womens work and career experiences in a variety of sectors and occupations. (Kamenou, 2008:S103) On the whole, the author managed to acquire a wide range of experiences and data from both types of participants. Thus, this gave us a deep understanding of the problems faced by ethnic minority women while balancing work with other responsibilities in life. Question 3 From reading the paper, what do we know about the author? How might the identity of the author have made a difference to the research? This paper is an example of feminist research approach. In such a study the goals are to establish collaborative and nonexploitative relationships, to place the researcher within the study so as to avoid objectification, and to conduct research that is transformative. It is a complex area of inquiry with numerous frameworks (e.g., male oriented, white feminist oriented, able-bodied female oriented) and difficult issues (e.g., the absence and invisibility of women, who can be knowers) (Creswell, 2007:26) Of the various forms of qualitative research, ethnography is the most common one used by females. A researchers personal disposition plays a very significant role in a research, especially when done by a female. Reflexivity also has a big impact on such studies and makes the output of the same extremely relatable. In this paper, Nicolina Kamenou, explores minority womens perceptions of the reciprocal relationship of career demands and other aspects of their lives, such as family and community expectations and responsibilities (Kamenou, 2008:S99). The authors method in this research is not reflexive at all. At no point in the study does she reveal any personal information regarding herself. There is no mention of the influence her personality has on the study nor of the interpretations she derived from the same. In my opinion, if the author had made revelations about her personal details, the research would have been more engaging. Even though this article gives a rich insight into the work life equation, it does not elaborate on the authors experience and relationship with her research subjects. It would have been appealing to know her age and cultural background because these seem to be the two most important factors which could have influenced the research. She has left the readers guessing her identity. If the author was associated with the ethnic minority group, she could have given an account of her experiences and hence added some personal touch to the research. But at the same time, if she had adopted a reflexive approach, she would have left the readers questioning her objectivity towards the research. We as readers would have assumed that she was bias towards her subjects and thus she would need to justify herself to us. In my view, Nicolina Kamenous approach towards her research was very different as compared to Lisa Russells. Russells adopted a very reflexive approach and described in detail the impact her personal disposition had on her subjects, interpretation and conclusion of the research. She does not keep the readers guessing her identity and gives away a considerable amount of personal information which helps us as learners relate to her. On the other hand, Kamenous approach is far from being reflexive in nature. The readers gain no knowledge about her personal characteristics and the impact of the same on her research. In conclusion, Lisa Russells study gave an excellent account of the authors personal impact on the entire research, where as it didnt focus much on the information she derived from it. On the other hand, Nicolina Kamenous research offered a rich insight to her topic of discussion, while it didnt enlighten us with her thoughts towards the study. Overall, the papers gave me a good understanding of two contradicting accounts in the vast field of qualitative research methods. References: Bate, S.P. (1997) Whatever happened to organisational anthropology? A review of the field of organisational ethnography and anthropological studies, Human Relations, 50 (9): 1147-1175 Blyton, P., Blundson, B., Reed, K., Dastmalchian, A. (2006) Work-Life Integration: International Perspectives on the Balancing of Multiple Roles, 1st ed. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLIAN Cassell, C. Symon, G. (2004) Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research, Thousand Oaks: SAGE Creswell, J.W., (2007) Qualitative Inquiry Research Design : Choosing Among Five Approaches,2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Creswell, J.W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches,3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Denzin, N.K. Lincoln, Y.S. (2000) Handbook of Qualitative Research 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE MacDougall, C. Fudge, E. (2001) Qualitative Health Research: Planning and Recruiting the Sample for the Focus Groups and In-Depth Interviews [Online], 11(117) Available at: [Accessed 16 November 2009] Esterberg, K. G. (2002), Qualitative Methods In Social Research, New York : The McGraw-Hill Companies Flick, U., (2005) An Introduction to Qualitative Research, 2nd ed. London : SAGE Kamenou, N. (2008) Reconsidering Work-Life Balance Debates: Challenging Limited Understandings of the Life Component in the Context of Ethnic Minority Womens Experiences. British Journal Of Management, Vol. 19 s99-s109 Merriam, S. B., (2009) Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation 2nd ed. San Francisco: Joosey Bass Provenzo Jr, E.F., ed., 2006. Forthcoming in the Encyclopedia of the Social and Cultural Foundations of Education [online] Available at : http://danbutin.org/Resistance%20-%20Encyclopedia%20entry.pdf [Accessed 18 November 2009] Russell, L. (2005) Its a question of trust: balancing the relationship between students and teachers in ethnographic fieldwork. Qualitative Research Vol. 5 (2) 181-199 Thorpe, R. Holt, R. (2008) The Sage Dictionary of Qualitative Management Research. London: Sage

Total Quality Management - TQM Essay -- SixSigma Essays

I. INTRODUCTION Before you can begin to understand what total quality management is, you must know what quality is. Quality is the ability to satisfy, or even exceed, the needs and expectations of the customers. Total Quality Management is a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. The participation of all members of an organization in improving processes, products, services, and the culture they work in is the basis of TQM. Total Quality Management, often called TQM, is a mind set. It is also a set of well-proven processes for achieving the mind set. The mind set is that everyone in your organization understands what their customers' expectations are and they meet those expectations every time. TQM, which has been available for many years, was originally developed in the United States and the Japanese were the first to visualize its benefits and apply it successfully. This paper will discuss the history of Total Quality Management and also its creator Dr. Wi lliam Edwards Deming. Also included is Dr. Deming's 14 Points of Management, which apply anywhere from small organizations to large organizations including everything from the service industries to the manufacturing industries and everything in between. They apply to a division within a company. The final topic discussed will be how TQM is implemented in the organizations. II. HISTORY Total Quality Management (TQM) is a participative management style that stresses total staff commitment to "customer" satisfaction. TQM is the part of management organized for the use of creating and implementing a continuous improvement process that constantly improves on the organization's effectiveness and also their efficiency. The main responsibility lies on not the workers or employees of a corporation, but rather the management. There are many very effective ways that corporations have implemented these strategies of TQM, but most commonly, it is acquired through data collection, flow charts, and diagrams. The development of Total Quality Management is attributed to Frederick W. Taylor, an engineer and the first management consultant. Statisticians, such as Walter A. Shewhart, Joseph M. Juran, Philip B. Cosby and most importantly Dr. W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993), were responsible for initiating the Total Quality Management process and share a common role ... ...for success. There are three basis implementations of TQM including concept of management, system of management (in which the Q-S.T.E.P. process is used), and traditional management. A company can decide on their implementation plan based on their personal needs. Dr. William Edwards Deming's philosophy of total quality management has proved effective in many organizations, and if companies are willing to embrace all of its ideas and concepts, it can be successful for them. REFERENCES Aguayo, R. (2010). Dr. Deming The American Who Taught the Japanese About Quality. New York: Carol Publishing Group. Gabor, A. (2009). The Man Who Discovered QUALITY. New York: Times Books, a division of Random House Inc. Green, L. TQM FAQ's. [Online]. Retrieved October 11, 2013 from: http://www.skyenet.net/~leg/tqmodel/tqmfaq.htm. Green, L. TQM Total Quality Management Diagnostics. [Online]. Retrieved October 16, 2013 from: http://www.skyenet.net/~leg/tqm.htm. Hellriegel, D., Jackson, S., Slocum, J. (2009). Management 10th Edition Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Author Unknown. [Online]. Retrieved October 8, 2013 from: http://www.eskimo.com/~mighetto/1stqm.htm.

Marketing Channels on Tesco Thailand

Managing Distribution and Marketing Channel: TESCO Lotus This essay is to written in to express my opinion on group 4 presentation on Tesco Lotus marketing channel and further analyze the marketing channels in more details. Tesco Lotus has undoubtedly changed the way people in Thailand goes to supermarket since it entered Thailand in 1998 and now has over 380 Stores as part of a joint venture with CP Group. Consumer Marketing Channels Tesco Lotus in Thailand uses 1 level of consumer marketing channels as they themselves act as retailer.The suppliers would have to re? ll their inventory at Tesco Lotus Distribution centers which is placed across the country and Tesco will distribute the goods to each branch themselves. In order to serve the customers better by minimizing out of stock time and more Tesco Branches ef? cient and cost effective, Tesco Lotus divides the goods into 3 (Act as retailers) categories: Fast moving goods, Average moving goods, Slow moving goods.They categorize the ir products by dividing each of them into one of these categories and therefore, fast moving goods such as grocery, can be delivered fresh and never run out Consumers of stock everyday, whereas slow moving goods, such as furniture only needs to be re-stock every week, rather than everyday. Tesco Lotus distribution system is managed by themselves and therefore it is also their advantage over their rival, Big C, who uses DHL as their distributor. Tesco Lotus can control their own distribution system and the distribution cost.The example is presented during the presentation which is using Bio-diesel for all Tesco Lotus distribution trucks which can save a lot of transportation cost. Types of Store Tesco Lotus operates in various types and sizes of store. There? re 6 types of store sizes. 1. Hypermarket, 2. Tesco Lotus Valued, 3. Talard Lotus, 4. Tesco Lotus Express, 5. Plus shopping mall, 6. Community Mall. The hypermarket is the full size store with the most assortments and products, Tesco Lotus will place this store type mainly in the outskirt of the city to serve the people in the city.The Tesco Valued store is smaller than the hypermarket type and has less assortments and products, Tesco Lotus will mainly select the faster moving goods and leave out more expensive assortments or products as this type of store will be places mainly in more rural area. Talard Lotus shares a similar concept to the Tesco Valued but mostly focuses on fresh grocery. This concept came from the local market in Thailand. Tesco Lotus wants to create more local experience for the local in upcountry.Tesco Lotus Express, this is the smallest store size and it is more like a convenience store than a super market. This type of store was created to compete with 7eleven who is the market leader in this store size with the most branches throughout Thailand. This type of store is usually placed within a community area and mostly carry foods and drinks. Plus shopping malls is also a full sized h ypermarket but Tesco Lotus Wissut Prutisart, ID: 5249252 Tesco Distribution Center (Act as Tesco Mfg) ocuses more on the rental space within their mall. They want to create a shopping mall atmosphere with clothes shops, restaurants, cafe etc with a full sized supermarket. The last type of the store is the community mall, the concept is similar to villa market but the stores are placed closely to community household. The objectives for Tesco Lotus for having many types of store are to serve the right products at the right price and place for consumers in those demographic areas that the stores are in. This is more bene? ial to both customers and to Tesco Lotus, as Tesco Lotus only carry what their customers in those areas need from their stores and nothing else more than that. It is more ef? cient, less investment cost, lower operation cost for Tesco Lotus too and also providing the maximum coverage of their customers as much as possible. Customers also gain a lot of bene? ts from th is also as the stores nearest to their home would have the majority of their daily needs. Marketing Channels Tesco Lotus utilizes both below and above the line advertising.For below the line advertising, they have monthly promotion brochure which are distributed at every stores and also sending them to members? houses, Thairath newspaper ad to highlight their main promotion, their own website to show more information and download lea? et or brochure and lastly their Tesco Lotus Club Card to collect customers data and for doing promotion. For above the line, they advertise on the main TV channels focusing on lower price and the highlight promotion. With this strategy, Tesco Lotus has almost the whole coverage of their target customers already.Private Brand: Tesco Value Tesco Lotus themselves act as a distributor and retailer but they also use backward integration and became a producer to produce their own brand of products called ? Tesco Value?. The Tesco Value brand? s objective is to produce most daily needed products for customers with lower cost than other brands are offering but offer similar level of quality. Tesco will place their own product next to other popular brand products with a very similar packaging. The reason why they do this is so customers will think and compare the cost and bene? of the product they are about to buy, usually if it? s a products that customers use regularly but they do not concern with the brand or have a need for more premium product, customers will tend to buy Tesco value brand products instead. The reason why they produce their own brand is because they have buying power and the economy of sale to produce products at lower price point without having to do marketing campaign to promote their products, therefore even their price is lower than most brands, they still make pro? t from selling their own products.Recommendation My recommendation for Tesco Lotus is add one more distribution channel, that is the ? online channel? . Tesco already has successfully implemented this system in the UK already. The idea is to fully utilize their website to the maximum potential and provide more convenience for their customers. Customers should be able to look at all the products available from Tesco website and be able to order then Tesco Lotus can deliver their orders to their home. Even though this idea is already implemented in UK but no supermarket in Thailand has successfully executed this idea yet.With a strong coverage in term of branches around the country and strong distribution system, Tesco Lotus should be able to successfully implement this system in Thailand. Wissut Prutisart, ID: 5249252 (Example of the online ordering page from Tesco UK website) To conclude this essay, I believe that Tesco Lotus in Thailand is already doing well in term of distribution and marketing channels, it is up to them to control their cost and therefore this always keep them alert about their cost.Tesco Lotus also needs to do more CRM and Social responsibility to their local customers as they are expanding quickly into every cities in Thailand and therefore there will always be a concerned for a local supermarket and convenience stores business. There was some protest going on in some cities when Tesco was about to expand into, Tesco may need to focus more locally as to what they can give back more to the local society apart from selling OTOP roducts from those cities in Tesco and provide jobs for the local. Second, I believe that by implementing the online order and delivery service, this will create a totally new channel of distribution. Tesco may need to do some initial investment such as buying more Pick up trucks, re-design the website and set up the system but with the expertise Tesco has from the UK, they should be able to implement this idea in Thailand. Wissut Prutisart, ID: 5249252

Yellow Earth Essays

Yellow Earth Essays Yellow Earth Paper Yellow Earth Paper According to the New York State Writers Institute Yellow Earth has swiped away viewers of almost every nationality. The burst of Yellow Earth in the Chinese culture surpassed any film before made by any Japanese arena. It meant future hope for cinematographers like Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige which have enthralled cinemagoers with works like Red Sorghum and Farewell, My Concubine. As with other trailblazers, the Fifth Generation needed a breakthrough movie to bring them to the attention of viewers at home and abroad. This new era of filming color and graphics for the viewers back in 1984 was a smashing hit for the Chinese community. It brought a new way of thinking for many up to now film makers which back in those days visualization in films was not an option. As of 1984 and after the making of Yellow Earth there was great propaganda for Chinese films, specifically filmed and produced by Zhang and Chen who established themselves at the forefront of world cinema surpassing Japanese films because of their unique way and avenues to new ways of making film. This has made Chinese cinema since 1949 the state propaganda machine. Yellow Earth, which is set in 1939, centers on the relationship between Gu Qing, a member of the Eighth Route Army, and a peasant family. Gu comes to the village to compile a collection of folk songs; he meets the young Cuiqiao and her family. She is due to enter into an arranged marriage, which terrifies her. She is inspired by Gus stories of girls fighting in the army; she asks him whether she can follow him back to Yanan. While she awaits his return, she is forced to marry her appointed groom. She decides to try to join an army unit that is camping on the other side of the Yellow River. The relationship between the people who live and love this land, the party of soldiers and the land; giving the film its title of Yellow Earth. This is a Maoist revolutionary thought. The people from china struggle against the hardships of the land as they have done throughout history. Yellow Earth’s message is not openly showing and pointing out the major problems which China has come across in the past and still does against the vast masses and it’s situations but it discusses and brings reality to the viewers concerning communism and it’s purpose for the people. â€Å"Here to save the people† as Cuiqao says placing her faith and her passion with the soldiers who believe in the same cause and contributes to her inspiration of making her land a better place to live. This is the first film to emerge from China and one of the most thrilling debut features of the 80s; catching the attention of the viewers, nationally and internationally. A Communist soldier visits a backward village in 1939, and is billeted with a taciturn widower and his teenage daughter and son. The soldiers mission is to collect folk songs, and its through the exchange of songs that he gradually wins the trust and affection of his hosts. The widower’s young daughter is to be sold into marriage with a much older man. The soldiers conversations of breaking up with feudal tradition fills her with unrealistic hopes of escaping her fate as she insistently thinks of a way of leaving her fate to her own battle. The soldier returns to his base, leaving her to take her future in her own hands. There are political undercurrents here that got the film into trouble in China: the encounter between the CP and Chinas peasants is shown not as an instant meeting of minds, but as the uneasy, frustrating, and ultimately unresolved process that it actually was. What really stirred things up in old Beijing was the films insistence on going its own way. Chen Kaige and his cinematographer Zhang Yimou have invented a new language of colors, shadows, glances, spaces, and unspoken thoughts and implications; and theyve made their own language be spoken to anyone involved in the making of this movie as well as viewers from all over the world. Consistent with Chinese art, Zhang Yimous cinematography works with a limited range of colors, natural lighting, and a non-perspective use of filmic space that aspires to a Taoist thought :Silent is the roaring Sound, Formless is the Image Grand. The use of silence as a component of Third Cinema is much like the empty space of Chinese art or cinema. The long shots of the natural environment possess a respect that is accompanied by silence. By drawing upon characteristics of Chinese art, the fifth generation of Chinas film-makers create a new vocabulary, a new filmic language with which to work. By challenging Western aesthetic practice, films such as Yellow Earth can be placed within the realm of a Third Cinema.

Data Structures Example

Data Structures Example Data Structures – Coursework Example Data Structures Data Structures A Queue A Queue refers to a list of tasks waiting to be processed. When a task is sent to a queue, it implies that it has been added to the list of tasks waiting to be processed. It is worth denoting that computer programs frequently function with queues as a manner of ordering tasks. For example, when a computer is through with one computation, it goes ahead to process the next task on the queue. Furthermore, another example is the printer queue that refers to a list of files waiting for printing. An Array On matters of data storage, an array refers to a mechanism for storing data on several devices. It is worth mentioning that arrays are oldest and most imperative data structures used by nearly every program. Additionally, another major use of arrays is in the implementation of other numerous data structures such as lists because they play a key role in exploiting computers; logic (Humphris, 2014). The main use of data arrays is in the implementation of both mathematical vectors and matrices. They also play an imperative role in implementing several data structures such as stacks and queues. Array allows one to store a series of correlated variables of the same kind and often referred to as a list. New int[10] is an example that best illustrates the use of arrays in computer technology. In Random access memory, an array refers to the organization of memory cells (Humphris, 2014).A Stack A stack refers to a kind of data structure used to store data in a computer. Apparently, when a fresh object enters into a stack, it remains on top of other previously entered objects. This essentially implies that when one decides to remove a certain object from a stack, the one that is at the top leaves first leaving the previously entered objects.Comparison between an Array, stack and queue The stack and queue are closely related data structures. The definition of each lies on two main operations that is enter a new object and eject an objec t. Apparently, the rule mainly used in the queue data structure is to ensure that one removes the item that has stayed for a long time thereby leaving the new items. The stack rule ensures that one removes the item that has spent minimal time in the collection. In an array, an individual can access the elements at any time but a stack does not allow for random access.ReferencesHumphris, C. (2014). Computing and Information technology. New York, NY: Eptsoft

Pure Substance Definition and Examples

Pure Substance Definition and Examples In chemistry, a pure substance is a sample of matter with both definite and constant composition and distinct chemical properties. To avoid confusion, a pure substance is often referred to as a chemical substance. Examples of Pure Substances Examples of pure substances include chemical elements and compounds. Alloys and other solutions may also be considered pure if they have a constant composition. WaterDiamondGoldTable salt (sodium chloride)EthanolBrassBronzeSaline solution Examples of Substances That Are Not Pure In general, any heterogeneous mixture is not a pure substance. If you can see differences in the composition of a material, its impure, at least as far as chemistry is concerned. RocksOrangesWheatLight bulbsShoesSandwiches Common Definition of a Pure Substance To a non-chemist, a pure substance is anything composed of a single type of material. In other words, it is free of contaminants. So, in addition to elements, compounds, and alloys, a pure substance might include honey, even though it consists of many different types of molecules.  If you add corn syrup to the honey, you no longer have pure honey. Pure alcohol could be ethanol, methanol, or a mixture of different alcohols, but as soon as you add water (which is not an alcohol), you no longer have a pure substance. Which Definition to Use For the most part, it does not matter which definition you use, but if you are asked to give examples of pure substances as part of a homework assignment, go with examples that meet the narrow chemical definition: gold, silver, water, salt, etc.

Charter and private schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Charter and private schools - Essay Example On the other hand private schools are schools that do not lie under the jurisdiction of the local as well as the state government and are basically run on the funding based on the fees collected from the students (Haertal 1987). The charter and private schools have different methods of running their administration and have comparable differences in their working and student selection. Charter schools are basically schools that are run from the public funds and they may be started by parents or other groups in community. They have their own teaching standards and they are not liable to strict regulations of the state that imply for other public schools. These implications include the production of specific results during a particular time period. But another important feature of these schools is that if they fail to provide for certain set standards by the state, they may be closed. Charter schools are free and do not charge fees from the students. This has called for their importance amongst the poor groups and communities who would otherwise not be able to send their children to schools. Also the charter schools may be started in old buildings and they do not follow the structural norms of public schools. It is believed that the basic goal of these schools is to provide for education of those people who may otherwise not be able to attend public schools.

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Management - Assignment Example So by the time the other European retail giants realized the real benefit associated with international diversification, Tesco has already established in more than 6 international markets. Diversification itself did not stop the very problem for which Tesco decided diversify in the first place itself. The problem is depleting revenue margin in almost 70% of the international markets where Tesco has operational base. Tesco realized that the mere diversification is not going to solve the problem of decreasing level of profits from the international markets (Collinson, 1999). It quickly came up with the idea to form strategic alliance with retail giants in the international markets like Asia. Asian countries like India and China represents an untapped market segment. It is known that the propensity to buy in China is the highest among the Asian countries. Tesco realized that without the help of any local partner, it will not be able to gain the knowledge about the local demographics of these regions. Tesco’s main aim is to use the knowledge of the local demographics to improve its customer relations with the customers. The local retailers have enormous knowledge about the demographic characteristics of the land. Tesco will benefit by utilizing the knowledge of the local retailers. 2.0The benefits arising out of the international strategic alliance 2.1Supply and distribution channel Presently there are more than 3000 local retailers in China. The local retailers range from medium to small scale enterprises. Apart from these there are about 5 big retailers who have considerable influence over the local markets. Through the use of these local retailers Tesco can gain an upper hand in the supply and the distribution channel. Tesco can use the supply and distribution chgannel of the local retailers to procure the raw materials and supply the products. This leads to cost cutting (Soh P. H., 2003). If Tesco is not utilizing the supply and distribution networks of the local retailers then it will take months before Tesco can finally realize what works and what does not work in the supply and distribution channel. 2.2 Launch of products under own brand name The local retailers have set up outlets in the posh areas where the buying propensity of the local people is comparatively more than the other regions. The strategic alliance equips Tesco with the ability to utilize the same outlet to sell the Tesco products or can even partner up with the local retailers to sell combined products. Tesco can also set up its own outlet and sell the Tesco brand products or the local products. In United Kingdom Tesco is a home grown brand where the people have some perception of the brand value. So when new products are launched under the brand name Tesco, customers can easily identify the products with the brand image of Tesco. While in Asian countries the scenario is a bit different. The customers don’t a have very strong perception about the brand Te sco (Youssef and Hansen, 1994). If Tesco decides to produce and sell products under its own brand name, it is not known for sure, what the results might be. Through strategic alliance

Analysis of three different health systems Assignment

Analysis of three different health systems - Assignment Example The similarities and differences are based on the different economic capabilities of the two countries and the population size. This paper is based on  a comparative overview of the American health care system, the Japanese health care system, and the Australian health care system. The differences between the three health care systems are analyzed as well as the evaluation of the systems in terms of equity, efficiency, and effectiveness. The necessary reforms to the health care systems are also discussed in the paper. The healthcare system in the United States comprises of both the private insurers and the public health system that covers the low-income families and the elderly (Emanuel, 2014). Many Americans receive insurance coverage via the employer-sponsored private insurance with most of the services being provided by private insurers. The Medicaid program serves the disabled and poor families. Different states in the country are also required to cover the medical expenses of low-income pregnant women, the elderly, children, and the disabled (Gillies, 2003). States can also expand their eligibility, but the Medicare program is a universal healthcare program that covers people aged over 65 years. The children whose families do not qualify for the Medicare program and do not make enough to buy the private health insurance are covered in the State Children Health Insurance Program (Levine, 2009). A separate health program is also available for the veterans in the United States. The health benefits in the US vary based on the insurance type. The program comprises of both the inpatient and outpatient hospital care and a home visit by the physicians. Other services also include dental care, preventive care, and the use of prescription drugs. The employer-sponsored plans accept patients at the same cost and are underwritten based on the weight, age, smoking status, and health history of the patient. The Medicaid program covers

Hyperthyroidism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hyperthyroidism - Research Paper Example any causes which include over activity of the thyroid gland as in Grave’s disease or due to neoplasias of the thyroid gland which include adenomas and carcinomas. It can also occur due to an adenoma in the anterior pituitary which leads to increased secretion of TSH which results in overstimulation of the thyroid gland and hence increased release of the thyroid hormone. Inflammation of the thyroid gland can also result in hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone is essential for the carrying out of normal body processes and it is a hormone which is important for the regulation of metabolism. But an increase in the hormone due to the disease can have many adverse effects. The basal metabolic rate of the body can increase 60 to 100 percent more than normal and this can account for the increased sweating and decreased tolerance to heat. The thyroid hormone stimulates the central nervous system but increased quantities can lead to psychological issues and nervousness. The muscles become weak because of the increased catabolism of proteins. The increased quantities lead to an increase in the GIT motility leading to diarrhea and the increased metabolism is the cause of weight loss which may be of varying degrees. The patient experiences. The cardiac system is also affected and increased heart rate and output is noted. The eyeball is protruded and the skin feels hot. Hyperthyroidism is a pathological condition which not only affects the thyroid gland itself but it disrupts major physiological processed of the body. Medical and surgical intervention can help a person overcome most of the symptoms associated with the

Representing Gender in FIlm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Representing Gender in FIlm - Essay Example These oppressed people possess normal heterosexuality; they are not artificial but express unnaturalness due to a mixture in genders. Butler argues that this unnaturalness can be changed through performativity with the help of either psychologists or close family members. Performative acts are repetitive. They show the behavior of a person. The behavior of the gender a person is comfortable with. The person may represent a different biological gender while the actions performed by that person may be different from the behavior of that gender. Performativity is mostly experienced in children who lose a parent of the opposite sex. The lose hits their mental status and they are compelled to repeat the actions of that parent and they perform the actions they used to do out of love and devotion. Performativity The movie â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† was directed by Kimberly Peirce in 1999. The story was scripted by Judith Butler. It is based on a true story of a girl who experiences gender transformation. She wants to change her physical appearance to that of a male but cannot afford to undergo a surgery. She then changes her looks to resemble a male which attracts Lana, a girl who herself is not very feminine. Teena/Brandon is shown to be a quiet and sensitive individual with a bit of masculine characteristics. Lana falls in love with Brandon and shares her secrets related to him with her friends which proves that she is fully convinced that Brandon is a male. Lana believed Brandon to be a male and was ready to accept him with whichever gender he wanted to follow when she started to suspect him of his gender. Later on in the movie Lana’s ex boyfriend John who is a psychopath and his friend Tom, suspect Brandon of being a female and inform Lana. Lana does not respond to them and tells Brandon that she would accept him even if he was a female. Brandon and Lana were forced to accept that they were lesbians but they refused to do so. Later on Brandon was s ent to jail and her identity was revealed there. As John was jealous of Teena/Brandon, he raped her and shot her. After analyzing the film â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† one notices the performativity expressed by characters in the movie scripted by Judith Butler. At the very beginning of the movie, Teena Brandon who is born as a female but biologically has the gender of a female, expressed her wish to undergo surgery to change her gender but could not due to lack of financial support. Teena or Brandon is seen to play the role of a transgendered person. This movie expresses performativity of gender through the character of Teena/Brandon who wants to live life as a heterosexual male and believes himself to be one. Although being a female it was hard for her to act as one. Due to difficulty in have the sources for gender transfer, she decided to dress up and act like a male. It was easy for her to express her masculine characteristics as she inherited the male gender more than th e female one. When a person has a mixed gender, the person expresses that gender which is more prominent. Therefore, even though Teena had the organs of a female, her behavior was masculine and there was no reason for her not to be a male except for her misfortune of not being able to arrange for the gender transfer operation. From the very beginning, Teena/ Brandon’s assumption of being a male represents gender to be performative while on the other hand

Internet Culture Is a Good Thing for Pop Culture Research Paper

Internet Culture Is a Good Thing for Pop Culture - Research Paper Example These communications are either formal, informal or for purposes of entertainment. Although internet use is yet to hit all countries in the world, it registers significant influence on many modes of lifestyle either directly or indirectly. Indeed, internet use has no age restrictions, is largely accessible, is authoritative, and comes at a reasonable price. Internet culture emanates from the use of  computer networks for entertainment and the study of various social phenomena associated with the internet like online games, social media, and online communities (Hermeking Web). Pop culture famously known as popular culture is the combination of all perspectives, ideas, and attitudes that deviate from the common culture in the society (Danesi 1-7). It concurs with the Western culture of the early to mid-20th century and that of the late 20th and early 21st century. It involves the aspects of social life that are more dominant in the public. It is indeed, defined by social interactions between people in their everyday activities in form of styles of dress, the use of slang, greeting rituals and the foods that people eat (Philosophy Now Web). It demonstrates a lot of influence from the media and as such by internet culture. In the past, pop culture spread through print, radio, movies, or television. However, the impact of media like television and radio is decreasing at big rate following the emergence of the internet culture, which is taking over the spread of pop culture. Indeed, there is a direct correlation between internet culture and pop culture with pop culture drawing many benefits from internet culture. Internet culture contributes to changes in civic engagement in the USA (University of California, Berkeley Web). It can equally function as a space of new divisions of labor between civil society organizational actors and lay activists. One of the most important elements of internet that greatly supports pop culture is the ability to download files. Undeni ably, pop music, trends, and cultural events can seep to a large pop population through massive sharing of files. For instance, it is possible for pop fans to download music videos immediately their favorite artists release them. Additionally, internet makes it possible for pop artists to participate on pop culture activities without having to be physically present. For instance, thousands of artists are able to participate in real time when special pop culture events are held. Actually, the remarkable increase in internet penetration and high speeds makes streaming possible and therefore, able to stream videos as pop events happen. This has been a great boost to pop culture, which has also recorded a remarkable shift to internet interaction. One important thing about internet culture that makes it important to pop culture is its contribution the fast spread of pop lifestyle. Pop lifestyle, especially trends in dressing, are able to reach many people simultaneously and instantaneous ly. Ideally, internet has also been a platform in which, pop culture has also been able to disseminate to different parts of the world. This has been a boost to increased adoption of pop culture to many people across the world. The use of the internet have in a big way led to the spread of more information on pop culture as many people can now access this information over the internet with ease and no restrictions. However, pop culture does not necessarily depend on

Hyperthyroidism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hyperthyroidism - Research Paper Example any causes which include over activity of the thyroid gland as in Grave’s disease or due to neoplasias of the thyroid gland which include adenomas and carcinomas. It can also occur due to an adenoma in the anterior pituitary which leads to increased secretion of TSH which results in overstimulation of the thyroid gland and hence increased release of the thyroid hormone. Inflammation of the thyroid gland can also result in hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone is essential for the carrying out of normal body processes and it is a hormone which is important for the regulation of metabolism. But an increase in the hormone due to the disease can have many adverse effects. The basal metabolic rate of the body can increase 60 to 100 percent more than normal and this can account for the increased sweating and decreased tolerance to heat. The thyroid hormone stimulates the central nervous system but increased quantities can lead to psychological issues and nervousness. The muscles become weak because of the increased catabolism of proteins. The increased quantities lead to an increase in the GIT motility leading to diarrhea and the increased metabolism is the cause of weight loss which may be of varying degrees. The patient experiences. The cardiac system is also affected and increased heart rate and output is noted. The eyeball is protruded and the skin feels hot. Hyperthyroidism is a pathological condition which not only affects the thyroid gland itself but it disrupts major physiological processed of the body. Medical and surgical intervention can help a person overcome most of the symptoms associated with the

Internet Culture Is a Good Thing for Pop Culture Research Paper

Internet Culture Is a Good Thing for Pop Culture - Research Paper Example These communications are either formal, informal or for purposes of entertainment. Although internet use is yet to hit all countries in the world, it registers significant influence on many modes of lifestyle either directly or indirectly. Indeed, internet use has no age restrictions, is largely accessible, is authoritative, and comes at a reasonable price. Internet culture emanates from the use of  computer networks for entertainment and the study of various social phenomena associated with the internet like online games, social media, and online communities (Hermeking Web). Pop culture famously known as popular culture is the combination of all perspectives, ideas, and attitudes that deviate from the common culture in the society (Danesi 1-7). It concurs with the Western culture of the early to mid-20th century and that of the late 20th and early 21st century. It involves the aspects of social life that are more dominant in the public. It is indeed, defined by social interactions between people in their everyday activities in form of styles of dress, the use of slang, greeting rituals and the foods that people eat (Philosophy Now Web). It demonstrates a lot of influence from the media and as such by internet culture. In the past, pop culture spread through print, radio, movies, or television. However, the impact of media like television and radio is decreasing at big rate following the emergence of the internet culture, which is taking over the spread of pop culture. Indeed, there is a direct correlation between internet culture and pop culture with pop culture drawing many benefits from internet culture. Internet culture contributes to changes in civic engagement in the USA (University of California, Berkeley Web). It can equally function as a space of new divisions of labor between civil society organizational actors and lay activists. One of the most important elements of internet that greatly supports pop culture is the ability to download files. Undeni ably, pop music, trends, and cultural events can seep to a large pop population through massive sharing of files. For instance, it is possible for pop fans to download music videos immediately their favorite artists release them. Additionally, internet makes it possible for pop artists to participate on pop culture activities without having to be physically present. For instance, thousands of artists are able to participate in real time when special pop culture events are held. Actually, the remarkable increase in internet penetration and high speeds makes streaming possible and therefore, able to stream videos as pop events happen. This has been a great boost to pop culture, which has also recorded a remarkable shift to internet interaction. One important thing about internet culture that makes it important to pop culture is its contribution the fast spread of pop lifestyle. Pop lifestyle, especially trends in dressing, are able to reach many people simultaneously and instantaneous ly. Ideally, internet has also been a platform in which, pop culture has also been able to disseminate to different parts of the world. This has been a boost to increased adoption of pop culture to many people across the world. The use of the internet have in a big way led to the spread of more information on pop culture as many people can now access this information over the internet with ease and no restrictions. However, pop culture does not necessarily depend on