American History II

One of the wonders of the modern world is the influx of modern ideas and the continuing improvement of the quality of human lives. The contemporary society caters to the innovations on the lifestyles and needs of people. Due to the inevitable changes in the needs of people and the creations of their productive and innovative minds, they develop dwellings that fit people’s needs. As a result, cities have been created and are continuing to grow with the process of industrialization and modernization. Cities render various advantages to its settlers. One of its main advantages is the promotion of commerce.The degree of civilization and knowledge existing in a country can be estimated through the proportion of the population living in the towns and cities. In cities, the different aspects of the city is developed and improved. There are also people offering the same trade and services. Thus, there is infinite rivalry, which leads to improvement (Dana, 1848). Cities were originally founded by individuals who congregated for the purpose of national protection and defense. However, in countries with well established governments, men only resort to settling in the urban due to its advantages.The high scale and affluence of the business transactions in cities could not be found elsewhere. Furthermore, the subdivisions of employments offer various fields of exercise in different skills and talents (McCulloch, 1852). As a result, cities became the center of political and economic freedom. In the medieval era, cities were concentrated by entrepreneurs who profited from the restrictions of the lords and the vassals. Nowadays, cities are also the center of the political and economic arena (Lachmann, 2002). The development of cities also has negative implications.The increasing concentration of the population in cities tends to congest the dwelling and cause little social and economic mobility. High concentrated places are also characterized by poverty due to the numer ous structural factors in the urban environment (Gilbert, 2004). In addition, the standard of living becomes low, and people are having a difficult time in seeking for employment due to the numerous people seeking for jobs. Urbanization also poses a threat to the environment, industries and factories continue to grow and come out that may bring substances and elements noxious to our environment (Gilbert, 2004).Due to the growing problems brought by urbanization and congesting cities, the U. S. government began its attempts to address these problems through the implementation of various programs which aim to help the citizens in the cities. They improved their healthcare and social welfare to help people without homes and employment. They also strengthened the laws which aim to protect the people and the environment in the noxious effects of urbanization. References Dana, W. B. (1848). Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review. New York: Published At 142 Fulton Street. Gilbert, M. A. (2004, April). More than job creation: A case study of empowerment zones and opportunities for economic mobility (Abstract). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois. All Academic. Retrieved August 11, 2008 from http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p83598_index. html. Lachmann, R. (2002). Capitalists in Spite of Themselves. New York: Oxford UP. McCulloch, J. R. (1852). A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Navigation. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.

Unitizing

Unitizing is very important in learning of mathematics. It is a mental operation that helps to understand and solve complex mathematical problems by separating classifying the values involved into units. Unitizing is grouping of a known number used in representing quantities. It is useful in understanding the value as well as developing counting strategies (Wright, Leeson & Geake, 2002). In addition, unitizing is very useful in understanding and developing the meaning of division as well as multiplication of both natural numbers and fractions. Unitizing is used in quite many settings in mathematical objects. These settings include geometry, algebra, measurements, number and operations and in data analysis and probability. In geometry, unitizing is very important in visualizing changes, in addition or multiplication and in developing the ability to reason, predict and represent knowledge appropriately. Unitizing is also very useful in algebra, where it is applied in both structural and procedural algebra. Procedural algebra is how to solve a problem where numerical values to solve algebraic equations are assigned, for instance; Find x if y=7 in 3Ãâ€"2-4y=20 Here, 3Ãâ€"2-4(7) =20 3Ãâ€"2 –28 = 20 3Ãâ€"2 = 48 x2 = 48/3 = 16 x = 4 Unitizing here can be applied in for instance giving the value of x, which can be given as 2Ãâ€"2 or 2+2. In this case ‘2’ is unitizing. Structural algebra involves use of letters to manipulate algebraic expressions. In number and operations, unitizing facilitates the understanding numbers and representing them. It is also useful in understanding fractions, for instance 1/2 can be written as 1?2 or 1x ? Unitizing is very useful in understanding multiplication and division of natural numbers as well as fractions. For instance, 2 x 4=8, can better be understood through learning many ways of approaching the problem. It can also be written as 2 x (2) (2) = (2) (4) Or as 2 x (2) (2) = (2) (2) (2). Unitizing 2 simplifies the understanding of the problem. More complex values can also be used such as: 4 x 16=64 this can be better understood by unitizing 4 such that the problem is represented as: 4x (4) (4) = (4) (4) (4) Developing understanding of division is also very much facilitated by the knowledge of unitizing. For instance, in determining the number of 8’s that are in 400, division should be performed as follows; 400/8 = 50, here 8 is unitizing To get to understand this better, simpler figures than 400 should be used but still the value of the numbers should be restored. This can only be acquired through unitizing and it can be as follows, 800/2 ? 8 2 can be unitizing such that 240/2 ?(2) (2) (2) and this simplifies the problem. Section 2 Unitizing is very important since it simplifies mathematical operations and facilitates understanding of the operations. It is important since it helps in development of deep and relevant reasoning especially when the unitizing value is being determined. Unitizing is so important since it facilitates the understanding of mathematical objects such as number and operations, especially in fractions, ratios and proportions. Unitizing helps in performing mathematical operations task with a lot of flexibility and confidence. Students should always be encouraged to practice unitizing in all their mathematical activities. Failure for the students to unitize leads to operating with too complex values and hence difficulties arise in trying to solve the problems. Operating with large numbers like for example multiplying 125 and 216 is quite hectic but if unitizing is applied, the operation becomes very easy and speed in generating the answer is increased. Section 3 Students frequently use unitizing especially in addition problems using the procedure of whole number, for instance, 8 + 14 = 22 Can also be approached through unitizing such that: 8 + (7+ 7) = 22 nitizing by using 7 can be practiced by the students. Students are also using unitizing in understanding part-whole concepts. For instance, students have used unitizing to be able to arrive at answers concerning fractions like, ? + ?. This can written as ? + ? . ? whereby unitizing is done by ? However, unitizing may not be done on some operations for instance those that originate from mathematical objects like measurement (Anghileri, & Julia 2001). This is a key concept in maths especially for the appreciation of invariance of length and angle measure. Students should not unitize in measuring angles since the size of the angle does not change. Similarly, the length measure does not change unless the size of what is being measured changes students also are unable to use unitizing in probability and data analysis especially when the problems are on formulation of questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize and display relevant data to answer them. Section 4 Students should be posed with a lot of contexts and opportunities as well as representations that will facilitate their unitizing. Many geometrical as well as algebraic problems should be provided to the students and they should be framed in such a way that unitizing is encouraged. Problems that require comparisons and representations by variables as well as these that require practice of conceptual understanding such as addition and multiplication of fractions should be given to the students. This improves the students ability for unitizing, something that facilitates their solving strategies. Representations should be encouraged among students since it is through this that they will be able to organize, record and also communicate mathematical ideas. Conclusion Unitizing is a very important mental function that is highly applicable in mathematics. It improves efficiency in solving mathematical problems. It helps students to develop a deeper meaning and understanding of mathematical operations such as multiplication, addition and division. It also enables students to develop diverse and applicable counting strategies as well as conceptual understanding. Therefore. Unitizing should highly be encouraged among the students for better performance in their solving of problems.

Creative piece of writing and rationale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creative piece of writing and rationale - Essay Example Thus, realities of life give birth to the formation of literature. Looking into the history of the world at large, it becomes obvious that all human societies have worked for the preservation of their culture in the form of poetry, art, sculpture, drama, paintings and other forms of creativity. It is therefore ancient Greek philosophers and thinkers have discussed literature in their lectures and writings. Plato has also analysed literature critically with special focus on poesy. He has declared poetry as mere imitation of life, and a true literary genre presents the actual picture of patterns of life without concealing the bitter facts it maintains. Aristotle, in his renowned Poetics, views men mere objects of imitation. â€Å"Since the objects of imitation are men in action, he argues, and these men must be either of a higher or a lower type, it follows that we must represent men either as better than in real life, or as worse, or as they are. It is the same in painting.† (A ristotle: Poetics, Chapter 2) Poetry, drama, novel, fiction, prose, essay, short story and sonnets are the main literary genres, among which romance maintains the most significant place that has captured the attention of the readers especially during the modern and post modern times. Different scholars have defined the term romance differently. Usually romance is attributed to those pieces where both the theme and the events present the story in comparatively more glamorous and adventurous way. â€Å"Something grander†, Peck & Coyle view, â€Å"than the novel’s familiar concern with social issues is involved in the romance, because it suggest a search for some truth beyond that which we might encounter in ordinary experience.† (1989, p 118) Romance is especially attributed to English and American literatures, from where it has successfully completed its long excursion in a systematic and persistent way. â€Å"A romantic novel†, Wikipaedia

Sustainble business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustainble business - Essay Example Social, economic, and environmental issues caused by businesses have prompted firms to act against the negative impacts of their operations (Folke & Gunderson, 2010). In essence, businesses are increasingly embracing green operations and/or strategies. The idea of sustainability is to ensure that business decisions account for the welfare of the entire society. In this respect, businesses are developing green products, employing sustainability-driven production mechanisms, or promoting environmentally friendly means of doing business. The ultimate objective is to shift from traditional competition practices to contemporary and greener modes of business within a highly competitive setting. The theory of sustainable business is subject to the influence of four major pillars, namely: economics, ecology, social science, and evolution (Holling, 2000). These pillars inform the completeness of sustainable business theories. The economic factor is critical in explaining both business and social welfare in the society. Business operations that negate the economic welfare of the masses fail to account for sustainable business practices. Drawing from principles of economics, sustainable business has to be financially viable and most importantly fit for future generations. Ecology and sustainable business connect based on maintaining, conserving, and protecting dynamic systems that define environmental relationships. Ecological systems host diverse and dynamic species, all of which compete with one another in many different ways. In this respect, sustainable business cannot afford to destroy ecological relationships that define people-nature interactions. Moreover, social science and evolution also play a central role as far as sustainable business is concerned. The interaction of people and nature crates many different developments that subsequently result in evolutionary processes (Penfield, 2008). For example,

Construction Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction Industry - Research Paper Example It provides employment to most of the people as its growth is often projected to increase by more than a million between the year 2002 and 2012 (Fenn 22). This improves the economy of the country as most of the people are trained in the construction industry reducing the unemployment rate in the economy of the United States. The Construction Industry is the core of all the construction locally and also internationally. Most of the structures being designed are always done by the construction company. Its effect is felt as most of the facilities are able to be constructed leading to an economy grow. An economy of a country is determined by the standing Infrastructure which is modernized. It also shows the people’s creativity and intellectual ability as it requires not the only the mind but also the skills in making it work.It is used as a tool by the government in managing the level of the economy. When there is a recession and the rate of unemployment is seen to be high the go vernment increases the public expenditure by the use of the construction industry (Fenn 29). This completely shows its contribution to the American economy as most of the people are believed to be in this sector. The construction industry related with other economic sectors using the backward-forward linkage the forward showing its relationship of total output to inter-industry sales while the backward linkages. This is used in showing the relationship between total output and the industry purchase.... It is used as a tool by the government in managing the level of the economy. When there is recession and the rate of unemployment is seen to be high the government increases the public expenditure by the use of the construction industry (Fenn 29). This completely shows its contribution in the American economy as most of the people are believed to be in this sector. The construction industry related with other economic sectors using the backward forward linkage the forward showing its relationship of total output to inter-industry sales while the backward linkages. This is used in showing the relationship between total output and the industry purchase. Gross fixed capital is the expenditure on fixed assets including buildings and machinery among others in either replacing or adding stock of the fixed assets. This is related to investment as fixed assets are used in the production process. It is important public policy tool as it is used in creating employment and also increases the de velopment in the U.S. This is through the central bank through which people invest in infrastructure leading to money injection in the economy. This industry contributes to a third of total investment in fixed assets in the economy. It has also led to the construction of new and better buildings like the hospital facilities, educational centre like schools. There has also been the construction of better recreational centers which are able to increase the number of people that can be accommodated in the building and also a concrete structure which can last for a longer period of time. Domestic Data in the Construction Industry Number Employed The number of personnel employed in this industry is rapid as it has a high employment

How to establish an Ethical culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to establish an Ethical culture - Essay Example In this regard, a good leader should not only address the issues of misconduct but also he or she must adopt comprehensive strategies in order to create ethical firm. This paper aims at discussing how to establish an ethical culture from leadership in an organization. Ethics entails standard of conduct that an organization should follow in its day to day activities. Based on the diversity that exists in the definition of ethical behavior, it is paramount for any firm to come up with a policy that clearly defines its ethical guidelines. In the current business arena, the importance of ethics in local and international companies cannot be overlooked (Ellis, 2007). To the employees, ethics in an organization ensure their security, respect and honest. On their part, leaders must hold ethics as a way of complying with the government regulations while at the same time creating a good opportunity for the development of the employees. Managers must come up with a compliance program that is i n line with the goals of their firms making it to be embraced by all the stakeholders. One of the benefits of such a program is that it will make the employees be aware of the ethical standards and what is expected from them by the managers (Wallace, 2007). Secondly, it allows managers to respond in a timely manner to deal with ethical issues once they arise. Thirdly, it makes the employees to make independence decisions and report any ethical issue that may jeopardize the operations of the company. Three key aspects that leaders should emulate before initiating an appropriate ethics program include integrity, trust and accountability. As mentioned earlier, an ethics program must be in line with the goals of a firm. Thus there is need for the leaders to emulate various components that ensures the needs of their firms are met by the ethics program they initiate. For example, the leaders should that their code of ethics is comprehensive (John, 2000). This means that the program should cover all the issues that may arise in a firm including hiring process, dismissal of employees and promotion of workers among other areas. Secondly, the program should include the training of the management and the employees. Thirdly, it should indicate the communication system and process adopted in the form. Fourthly, the program should clearly indicate the investigating procedure emulated by the company as well as the consequences that arise as the result of violation of the ethics by the employees and the managers (Singer, 2000). As the world economy improves after the recent economic downturn, unethical behaviors such as theft and fraud among the finance managers and employees may rise. In this regard, ethics program should essentially allow for extensive training of the managers in order to provide with skills that are vital in detecting a fraud. Additionally, the employees should be trained on how to report cases of wrong doings by their fellow workers. Use of 3 Cs to establ ish a culture of character In their efforts to ensure that the culture of ethics is established in an organization, managers can employ the concept of 3Cs (code, character and conversion) as advocated for by Turknett leadership group (Turknett leadership group, 2012). By use of the three aspects at each level in the organization, it becomes easier for the managers to keenly monitor the conduct of all the employees. Being the first step, managers must come up with

Health care law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Health care law - Coursework Example In addition, Dr. Maxx could be accused of misrepresentation. Dr. Maxx stated that her arm would be good as new. She can argue that statement was the basis for hiring Dr. Maxx and that was the determining factor. Connie arrived at Smallville General hospital ER via the local police. They took her in because she was disheveled, urinating and defecating on herself. She was calling out to passersby â€Å"You are the devil and I am going to stick my knife in your chest.† The SBH doctor refused to treat her stating that his hospital did not accept involuntary psychiatric patients. He advised the police to take her to Metropolis Psychiatric without given proper cause. Under the law, hospitals can deny admission if they are not properly staffed or equipped for psychiatric patients. To me there could be a liability issue for SBH. However, SBH can argue that it was acting with the patient’s best interest at heart. It was beneficial for het to go the other hospital. Doctor could use that defense that upon the brief contact with the patient he evaluated her and there were no sign of an emergency that would prevent her from taking the 75 miles drive to the other hospital. Connie was admitted to MPC and was forcibly administered medication. She was released after a week to the streets of Metropolis. MPC had the right to admit her and treatment, because she was a danger to her self and others. Based on her condition when she was picked up she clearly could not provide the bare necessities for herself. They kept her against her will for 1 week. MPC could be potentially held liable because state statutes typically allow for involuntary detention of psychiatric patients for a limited period ranging from 48-72 hours. Furthermore, they can be liable too for abandonment claim. Connie’s condition will be aggravated by the discharge because she requires further medical help. But MPC can say that they acted in

Jewish space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jewish space - Essay Example It is important to highlight that this area of study has been explored by several scholars. In the literature review, there are several scholars who have taken their time in the conducting of research concerning this area of study. One of the scholars that have explored this area of study is Barbara E. Mann in his book; Space and Places in Jewish Studies, which was published in 2012, he describes the Jews in a hilarious way and he says that these people as those whose studies can easily be altered (Emily, 2007). In his book, he states it so vividly that the rate that the space is turning has the potential of mobilizing and sensitizing the world in a revolutionary manner. It is also important to highlight that Barbara in his second book â€Å"A place in history: Modernism, Tel Aviv and the creation of the Jewish Urban Space† again where he talks of the immigration of the Europeans. In this book, the author talks of how these people attempted to establish for themselves habitat. The book ha consequently tried to properly envisage this case in reference to the challenges and the difficulties that they underwent during this process (Emily, 2007). Another scholar who has also shown some concern over the space is a scholar by the name Cheryl Teelucksingh. This is another scholar who was very much concerned with the question of space. According to Cheryl in the work that was published in 2006, Claiming Space: Racialization in Canadian Cities - Page 60, the writer argues about space. And what is so clear in this case is that this space that is on debate here is relating to the Canadian cities and that this is for the Jewish. In this book, the well learned scholar argues that space that is in question or rather that is claimed as space by the Kehila center is not just acknowledged as space but rather engulfed by the larger and the vast Ashkenazi community or habitation (Emily, 2007). Anne Fuchs in her book that was

Preston City Council. Effects of Motivational Theories Essay

Preston City Council. Effects of Motivational Theories - Essay Example H. 1943. â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation.† Psychological Review. Volume 50, pp. 370-396. 47 CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary The large size of several firms creates problems when trying to evaluate the levels of motivation of the employees working in them. Most organizations today have started considering employee empowerment a significant factor in human resource management. They show this by increasing the responsibility they assign each individual with, as well as giving him or her more power in some situations. They are also increasingly aware of the importance of motivation in the work force. This importance increased when employees started receiving additional responsibilities, thus affecting the organizations with this characteristic of motivation in many different ways. Dedicated and hardworking employees are majorly the reason for success of an organization, whereas this productivity is itself a function of motivation. 1.2 Introduction This research begi ns by introducing the idea of ‘motivation’, and the several motivational theories, which often affect the workings of employees of public sector firms. Experts believe in a strong relationship between management success and employee motivation. Thus, motivation is a key factor, which helps maintain a firm’s success and keep its performance in check. Absence of such motivation would mean less success for the organization. Thus, this investigation will at all points during the discussion, focus on the effects that motivational theories have on a public sector organization and the employees that work for it. Before the importance of including a human element in the treatment... The researchers used both primary and secondary data for research, using questionnaires to collect the data, which they later presented in the literature review. The primary research employed the use of a survey questionnaire, which was administered to a sample of 40 employees from Preston City Council. This data collection focused on collecting qualitative as well quantitative data. This data helped the researchers conclude details about how much of a gap exists between a person’s motivational level and the motivating factors at work. They also found a positive correlation between an employee’s salary and their motivation level. This research begins by introducing the idea of ‘motivation’, and the several motivational theories, which often affect the workings of employees of public sector firms. Experts believe in a strong relationship between management success and employee motivation. Thus, motivation is a key factor, which helps maintain a firm’s success and keep its performance in check. Absence of such motivation would mean less success for the organization. Thus, this investigation will at all points during the discussion, focus on the effects that motivational theories have on a public sector organization and the employees that work for it. Before the importance of including a human element in the treatment and management of employees was discovered, organizations simply treated them as a factor of production; a mere input to the process. However, since research revealed the importance of establishing human relations in the management of human resources, managers have made it a pri ority to cater to the needs and motivational levels of their employees. An example of such research is the research Elton Mayo (1960) did through the Hawthorne studies (Dickson, 1973, 1-25), where he found a strong relationship between motivation and work conditions, proving that money is not the only motivating factor.

Telenursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telenursing - Essay Example ogy used to define the technology used to deliver nursing care and conduct the nursing practise with the use of electronic media (Fairchild et al, 2007). Emphasising this particular terminology, the essay gives an overview on telenursing, along with a brief discussion of its advantages and disadvantages. Telenursing is gaining popularity in the recent times, as it has proved beneficial to cut down costs for healthcare organisations when providing nursing facilities. It also eases the availability of proper healthcare facilities even in sparse areas. The consensus proves that the number of ill population is increasing, which is again increasing the need of telenursing today. The telecommunication technology combined with the education to provide nursing care has helped telehealth nurses largely to serve patients located distantly (American Telemedicine Association, 2011). With due significance, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) has extensively researched on the fact that the crisis of nurses all over the world is huge and the predicted proportion of nurses are so low that this number would have an adverse effect on the health system of the world. This gap could only be fulfilled with the use of tele-nurses (Jordanova & Lievens, 2008). With the advent of the new era of technology, societal structure has changed dramatically exhibiting a huge difference between the preferences, lifestyle choices and working structures of people. Health has always been the foremost priority in human life, but due to the lack of timing, it has been observed that people has been compromising their health to work. This is where telenursing comes as a saviour. Telenursing helps people to avail nursing facilities with the flexibility of time (College of Registered Nurses, 2008). The foremost advantage telenursing can be discussed as the facility it provides for rapid response to the disease. The patients who need to be immediately taken care of are the best sector where

The attitudes towards Essay Example for Free

The attitudes towards Essay Essay title: Consider, with particular reference to Far from the madding crowd, the attitudes towards relationships between men and women conveyed in these texts reveal any marked changes in attitude? Comparison Social/Historical/Cultural contexts I have read and studied the relationships between men and women in the 18th and 20th century. There are six relationships investigated, taken from two short stories and a novel; Far from the madding crowd, a novel by Thomas Hardy Tickets please, a short story by D. H Lawrence Seeing a beauty queen home, a short story by Bill Naughton. Four of the relationships involved: Bathsheba and Gaberial Oak Bathsheba and Francis Troy Bathsheba and Farmer Boldwood These relationships are taken from the novel Far from the madding crowd. Another one of the relationships involves, Maggie and Rudy This relationship was taken from the short story Seeing a beauty queen home. The last relationship involves, John Thomas and Annie Walker These were taken from the short story Tickets please. Many of the characters share a lot of similarities and differences in the way they act and influence the relationships. For instance Bathsheba, John Thomas and Rudy are shown to be quite extremely proud, confident and vain this is shown by the author and foreseen by some of the other characters. She simply observed herself as a fair product of nature in the feminine kind, Her thoughts seeming to glide into far -off though likely dramas in which men would play a part-vistas of probable triumphs-the smiles being of a phase suggesting that hearts were imagined as lost and won. Far from the madding crowd (pg 13) This shows Bathsheba as being very vain and aware of her looks. I feel that Bathsheba and john Thomas both use their attractiveness to gain what they desire, where as Rudy uses his charms more than his looks. In the relationship involving Bathsheba and Gaberial Oak, Bathsheba instantly hypnotizes Oak with her overwhelming beauty but Oak is aware of Bathshebas ability to break hearts. Bathsheba is neither physically nor sexually attracted to Oak, he feels hurt and thinks her vain. By playing with Oaks emotions Bathsheba gains the upper hand in the relationship, she also uses this strategy in the relationship between Farmer Boldwood and herself. I felt that when Bathsheba thought herself clever by playing with Oak and Boxwoods emotions as thought they were toys, she showed her self to be a cold and insensitive person. In Tickets please John Thomas does something very similar to Annie in the way that he toys with her emotions but he also uses her for his physical needs. This insensitive act leaves Annie feeling very distraught and desperately seeking revenge. The difference in these two relationships lies between the personalities of Annie and Gaberial Oak. Annie seems to be the weaker person as she needs to get her revenge and Oak although hurt moves on with his life but they both still posses feelings for John Thomas and Oak. Rudy and Farmer Boldwood are similar characters, as they used the women to improve their status. Boldwood had not noticed Bathsheba before she sent him a valentine, when he saw the look on mens faces when he enquired about her as though she was a catalogue item; he grew to like her more. I think this was because he thought all these other men obviously like and desire her but she sent her valentine to me. So, he immediately wanted her for his own. Without knowing how Boldwood would react or knowing much about his character she sent the valentine, she thought it a harmless prank but he thought it love. Rudy does the same because he felt that because Maggie was a beauty queen if he spent the night with her this would earn him that little extra respect. Although at first Maggie seems taken by this idea the joke is soon on Rudy when Maggie throws him out for being to sly and cocky. For Bathsheba it is not so easy as Boldwood soon becomes overly obsessive it is interesting to see how Bathsheba reacts to Boldwoods sudden change in character as she probably couldnt of just thrown him out like Maggie through Rudy out as the times are different and so is the class. Bathsheba had to deal with Farmer Boldwood quiet formerly; although Bathsheba has the upper hand on the relationship Boldwood has a kind of emotional control over Bathsheba because she just cannot give him a straight answer. I think she cannot give him a straight answer because he bullies her by using his possessiveness and his need to have her. If a feeling possessed him at all, it ruled him; a feeling not mastering him was entirely latent. Stagnant or rapid, it was never slow. He was always hit mortally, or he was missed Far from the madding crowd (pg 138) I felt that the relationship involving Sergeant Troy and Bathsheba was not Based on love in Troys be have but based on the spur on the moment and the fact that she had money, for if it was based on love Troy would have never left Bathsheba nor would he have said such hurtful things to her. For a man who says that does not love at all. This woman is more to me dead as she is, than ever you were, or are, or can be. If Satan had not tempted me with that face of yours, and those cursed coquetries, I should have married her Far from the madding crowd (pg 334) But, if Troy loved Annie so much wouldnt he have forgiven her for the stupid mistake that she made and married her either the next day or the same day. Instead he just left her because he was not man enough to swallow his pride. In this relationship the attraction was physical and although Bathsheba may have thought that she loved Troy deeply, the love she felt for Troy could not compare to the love that she had always felt but never expressed or thought about or even knew was there for Gaberial Oak. In my view, Bill Naughton was trying to say think about what you do before you do it and also think about the other person, dont just assume you know how the person will react. Otherwise this could be easily turned around and you could be made to look the fool. Thomas Hardy implies you should not base a relationship on transient and superficial aspects on looks. Also that people may not always fall for the person who is going to provide a stable relationship but they may fall for the person who is physically attractive who will not provide a stable relationship. For instance I think Thomas hardy chose the name Gaberial Oak as he was a true friend to Bathsheba and looked out for her like a guardian angel (the angel Gaberial) and the name Oak implies that he is solid and is strong. D. H Lawrence is trying to say that we dont choose whom we decide to fall in love with but one should not destroy a relationship because one gets cold feet. Some of the cultural and social differences between the 18th and 20th centuries reside not only in the relationships described in the three pieces of literature but also in the way they are written about. For example physical love is expressed more openly in the 20th century in Tickets please john Thomas holds Annie publicly. Also in seeing a Beauty Queen Home Rudy and Maggie are seen leaving together and this strongly suggests that they are going to have sexual relations.

Communication Opinion Essay Example for Free

Communication Opinion Essay Effective communication plays a significant role in providing proper care for patients. According to Cheesebro, O’Connor, and Rios (2010) â€Å"Communication is sometimes defined as the process of sending and receiving messages† (para. 14). For the communication to be effective both the sender, and the receiver must understand the message. The way individuals communicate is altered according to their audience or environment. For example if an instructor is communicating through small talk his or her tone and vocabulary would differ from communicating through informational talk. The same goes for when an individual communicates with children or adults. Even though the tone and style of communication may be altered to fit the audience, the process of communication has to stay the same to be effective. Effective communication allows health care professionals to gain trust in a reluctant consumer and handle cultural differences among patients. The four basic elements of the communication process include a sender, message, receiver, and feedback. In effective communication the sender constructs a message that is appropriate for the receiver(s). According to Haycock (2003) there are three elements called the ‘3Ts’ that the sender should consider when constructing an effective message. The ‘3Ts’ are tone, tools (computer, video, note, etc. ), and tactics. It is important to think the message through before sending it to be sure it is as clear and concise as possible. In effective communication the receiver should be able to understand the message completely. The receiver may have to decode the message to gain full understanding. If he or she still does not understand the message, the receiver should use feedback to ask the sender for clarification. Feedback is an important part of effective communication because the sender learns if the receiver understood the message or not. If the receiver did not understand the message feedback allows the sender the opportunity to elucidate the message. â€Å"In short, feedback is the primary means of increasing personal awareness and establishing a shared understanding. You should give and get as much feedback as possible† (Cheesebro, et. al. , 2010, para. 23). Health care communication encompasses the four basic elements of communication. However, the basic rules of health care communication are a little more complex. According to du Pre (2005) â€Å"People are actively involved in health communication. They are not passive recipients of information† (pg. 9). Providers specifically focus on the tone and presentation of the message to ensure patients’ satisfaction. The ultimate goal in health care communication is to develop and maintain a shared understanding between health care professionals and patients. Physicians may use the biomedical or biopsychosocial model when communicating with patients. With the biomedical model, physicians use short and to-the-point questions or statements. This limits the patient input, which can cause the patient to feel dissatisfied with the care or diagnosis. The advantage of using the biomedical model is that it will save time. Although the biopsychosocial model does not save time, it is more effective when communicating in the health care setting because it focuses more on patient’s feelings. This reduces the risk of malpractice lawsuits, therefore saving money in the end. Whether health care professionals use the biomedical or biopsychosocial model, they will still encounter reluctant consumers. A provider may encourage a reluctant consumer to communicate candidly by validating the patient’s concerns, uphold complete honesty, and share plenty of ideas or information. When a consumer is reluctant, he or she can have a bad attitude and less willingness to listen. To encourage the reluctant consumer to communicate candidly it is extremely important that the provider maintains patience yet remain slightly persistent. The tone and presentation delivered by the provider makes a significant difference when persuading consumers to communicate openly. A patient may be reluctant to share open communication with a provider because of cultural differences. Some individuals feel extremely strong about their cultural beliefs, which can make it difficult for physicians to discuss cultural differences with patients. Providers generally share the same main goal, which is to help improve patient’s health. When the patient’s cultural beliefs go against certain tests and treatments it can sometimes prevent providers from doing reaching this goal. When providers cannot help improve patient’s health it an be very difficult. However, providers must respect patient’s wishes. â€Å"To be effective, health communicators must be concerned enough to pay close attention to people’s behavior and knowledgeable enough to recognize cultural and personal preferences that make people different† (du Pre, 2005, pg. 8). Barriers can arise in health care because of reluctant consumers or patients with strong cultural beliefs. Effective communication through the sender, message, receiver, and feedback can aid in breaking down these barriers. Once patients and providers can break down barriers it permits more open discussions and proper health care. Communication, especially in health care should be thought out, sensitive to feeling, clear, concise, and appropriate. According to du Pre (2005) â€Å"Communication, then, is an ongoing process of sharing and creating meaning. The challenge is not merely to put thoughts into words, but to cooperate with others in developing a shared understanding of what is happening and what it means† (pg. 10).

The Changing Status Of Indian Women

The Changing Status Of Indian Women Historiography went throughout massive changes in 20th century especially after Second World War. Political history was replaced and challenged by socio-cultural history which broadening perspective towards theoretical innovations and brought new fields into historiography, most notably gender history which brought to historiography in the form of women history. However gender studies is an independent discipline which brought fifty percent of the population into the focus of historical studies that was previously generally gender blind or simply masculine. Women history is the study of the role that women played in history which includes the growth of women rights as recorded in history and the examination of an individual woman of historical significance and the effects of historical events on women. Women history emerged as a independent disciplines in 1960s or 1970s because, the traditional historical writing have minimized and ignored the contribution of women and also the effec ts of historical events on women as a whole, in this respect, women history is often a from of historical revisionism seeking to challenge the traditional historical consensus. History was written mainly by men and about mens activities in public spheres politics, war and diplomacy and aministration.Women was usally mentioned or portrayed in stereotyped role such as mother, wives, daughter and mistress.  [1]   In Indian history we can get references about the role of women from the beginning of the Indus valley civilization, the first known civilization of India which said to have flourished in 25th century BC. As per historical evidences peoples of this valley worshiped natural forces and divine power were mostly feminine. Nature was often called by term mother. Mother goddess was the first worshiped deity in the Indus valley. Indus community was basically matriarchal so there was no existence of the gender discrimination. Men and women both were engaged in food gathering which was the main economic activity that reveals equal participation of both in daily economic life.  [2]   The essence of the Vedic period as reflected in Vedic literature like four Vedas namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvam and their different branches like Brahmanas and Upanishads.The Early Vedic age which begins from 1500 B.C. and the post-Vedic age which extends from 1000 B.C. to 500 B.C. The word Veda primarily means knowledge, which virtually signifies sacred knowledge or scripture. During the Rig-Vedic or Early Vedic age that most of the hymns of the Rig-Veda were composed. It was in the later Vedic period that the Brahmanas, the three other Vedas and the Upanishads were composed.  [3]   During the Vedic era the patriarchal culture superseded the matriarchal culture and gender discrimination being introduced in the society, but the Rig-Veda reflect a stage where women enjoyed equal status of man and the Vedic sacrifices were jointly performed by both men and women.  [4]  But patriarchy never suppressed women rights and privileges. Girls were given education from 4th century BC. There were no references about child marriage in Rig-Vedic era.  [5]  If any girl wants to continue her education without marriage they were allowed to do so. There are two types of educated wise women were in Vedic period Brahmavadinis and Sadyodvahas. Many educated women became teacher in Vedic period they are called Upadhyayinis. Lopamudra was a famous women preacher who composed 179 hymns of Rig-Veda jointly with Agasthya. According to Dr Roy choudhury women not only composed hymns but were also well-versed in sacred texts. Women also learnt music and dancing  [6]  The Vedic pe oples were not conscious about gender power- politics and conflict at that time because Vedic society was then at a developing stage not in a complex mode. Widows remarriage was permitted in the Rig-Vedic society. Rig-Veda mentioned several hymns like the widow who lay on the pyre by the side of her dead husband was asked to come to the world of the living.  [7]  Rig-Veda also gave references about the freedom of women in Vedic society; they attended all religious festivals and fairs with their loved ones. The Aryans believed thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the wife and the husband being the equal halves of one substance were regarded equal in every respect and both took equal part in all duties, religious and social.  [8]  During Vedic age inter-caste marriage took place in the society. According to D.N Jha à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in one case the father was a priest, the mother grinder of corn and the son a physician, all three lived happily together.  [9]   But the degradation of women status was started in the later Vedic period. We can get references about post Vedic society from the Brahmanas, Upanisads and the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Smriti writers Manu, Yajnavalkya began to favour seclusion of women. Social customs and tradition were reinforced by the law-givers which degraded the position of women and the gender discrimination has begun. Indian society was based on caste system where Brahmins are preoccupied the top most position. Where Jain and Buddhist religion tried their best to bring equality in the society there Brahminical religion began to enforce strict moral code for their followers. Patriarchal families became powerful during this period and restrict womens activities. They were looked down upon as a temptation and hindrance in their march towards higher development.  [10]   The child widow were forcedly live a life with full of restriction which marred them physically and mentally, and from the 1st century AD the law givers prohibited widow remarriage. The writer of Arthasastra kautilya considered women as a child bearing machine and encouraged pre-pubescent marriages which damaged child bride mentally and physically because she was not physically fit to conceive a child and the adolescent pregnancy carries higher risk due to toxaemia (Organic Blood Poisoning), Cephalo-pelvic disproportion* and uterine inertia (uterine inertia that occurs when the uterus fails to contract with sufficient force to effect continuous dilation or effacement of the cervix or descent or rotation of the fetal head, and when the uterus is easily indentable at the acme of contraction). Other disorders which affect children born to young mothers are CNS malformation (Central Nervous System) and CVS malformation which involves the cardiovascular system. The effects of physical hea lth also effects women self-confidence level. Now they were only capable of producing child and managing household affairs and their other socially useful activities prevailed. According to Romila Thapar Manu was felt that the inter-caste marriage would pollute the Aryan society. So à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to avoid pollution, you must control birthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but you lose control over birth, if you lose control over women  [11]  Manu also makes some provision for punishment of a woman by her husband if she makes any faults. She should be beaten by rope or by bamboo. Manu never sanctioned widow remarriage because she should remain faithful to her husbands memory but the widower could marry again. In Rig-Vedic times women was denied the right of inheritance. But Putrika could inherit her fathers wealth. The Niyoga system was encouraged where women was forced to marry her brother-in-law to safeguard property rights. In Vedic and post Vedic ages women married and unmarried daughter had some rights of inheritance but a widow, as well as wife, had no claim over her husbands property. Marriage became compulsory for Hindus. And the patriarchal system tended to keep the status of women at a low level, and the emergence of the joint family with special property rights for the male members reinforced male dominance.  [12]  The Rig-Vedic concept of Sahadharmini was replaced by Pativrata Dharma. This began a master- slave relationship between husband and wife. The right of choice of life partner was also taken away from woman. Manu in 2th century B.C insisted that women should always controlled by his male superior, in child age she must be controlled by her father, then after by his husband in her youth and in old age she must be controlled by his sons.  [13]   The Buddhist age witnessed a serious change in the status of Indian women. Gautama Buddha made the adoption of daughters valid which squashed the general belief that the birth of son was indispensible to attain salvation. Apart from this women were accepted as nun in the Buddhist monasteries. Admission of women into the monastic order secured for them a religious status and they played a vital role in propagating Buddhism. Buddha was allowed women to marry man of her choice and also gave the wife the right to inherit the husbands property. Buddhism also permitted divorce in some special cases. Buddhism also legalizing the right of unmarried daughter to the inherit fathers property in the absence of a son which provided women economic independence. Buddha also encouraged widow remarriage and finally in 12th century A.D the widows right of inheritance was recognize. Buddhism also gave prostitutes legal status by admitted them in Sanghas life, now they could live a life of alms-women. There were separate rules obviously discriminatory for men women who wanted to join the Buddhist Sanghas. In the annual Upostha Ceremony Buddhism also reveals the prejudice against women. Another discriminatory rule is mentioned in Sulla Vogga according to which the official admonition by an alms-woman is forbidden, whereas the official admonition of an alms woman by a monk is not forbidden.  [14]  Buddhism improved the status of at least a section of women who embraced that religion. The majority of women at that time lived in abject subordination, under the restraints imposed by Brahmanical religion. But the overall development in womens life and work soon eclipsed by the reassertion of Brahmanical religion. Buddhism never tried to abolish existing social order. The two main joint forces which degrade women position are joint family and caste system remained unalterable. Thats why some scholar has argued that the Buddhism was failed to understand the situation of woman from the angle of social justice. If justice were to be really done mere laws are not sufficient. It takes a total re-orientation in judicial thinking and attitude, if gender justice is to be doneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [15]   During the early medieval period the status women were gone lower and she was regarded equal status of Sudras. The smriti writers prohibited intercaste marriages. After Muslim invasion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Indian religion and social customs were faced with a system which was equally formulated and definite.  [16]  Which resulted caste system was became more rigid. Occupation now began to determine by birth. Now the lower society of Hindu castes was got an opportunity to assert their dignity by convert to the religion of equality i.e. Islam. Thats way Islam was spread very fast in some parts in India. Women dependence to her husband and was a prominent features of this period. Indian women now have lost their access to Streedhana or dowry and engaged themselves in farming and weaving. Now women cant freely participate in any religious festivals and functions with her male partner. Another social evil like child marriage adversely affected the health of the girls. Besides Muslims rulers in India had large harems which encouraged polygamy, even among the Hindus there was no limit set to the number of wives a man can take. Another social evil that existed in medieval India was female infanticide which was prevalent among the Rajputs and other higher castes and even among the Muslims. Purdah system gained popularity with the advent of the Muslims, Purdah is actually a Persian word According to Patricia Jeffrey Purdah is a part and parcel of stratification in India It becomes the mental foot binding, the frogs in a well syndrome, the submissiveness of the young bride and the inability of adult women to cope with the world outside.  [17]   Female infanticide was a negative effect of dowry system but this system became an integral part of the marriage ceremony in medieval India. It became a heavy burden to the poor peoples. The condition of Hindu widow became more miserable during Muslim period. She was forced to lead a life which was full of sorrows and was far from all worldly pleasure. The feudal society of Muslim India encouraged the practice of Sati. By the burning herself with her own husband she proves her loyalty. According to Soroj Gulati because of the continuous wars, there were chances of too many widows young and old, and a big question was how to accommodate them without bringing stigma to the family or creating problems for society.  [18]  Prostitution became a recognized institution in medieval India besides the Debdasi system in south India degraded the status of women, under this worst system women were brides of Gods but they are supposed to entertain kings, priests and even number of upper classes. According to Alberuni the kings make them an attraction for their cities, a bait of pleasure for their subjects, for no other but financial reasons.  [19]   The contribution of European to rediscovery of Indias ancient past was widely accepted by several scholars and writers of the nineteenth and twentieth century but their perception was influenced by British by two separate contradictory ways. One strand was represented by the Orientalists, whose reconstruction of the glory of Indian civilization was taken over lock, stock, and barrel by 19th century Indian writers. Another strand was the Utilitarian and Evangelical attack on contemporary Indian society on the visibly low status of women. The early Indian nationalist writers successfully constructed an image of womanhood in the lost past as a counter to the real existence of woman in the humiliating present. The woman question was not a theme that was foregrounded in the earliest work of the Asiatic society. William Jones did not pay any attention to Sati. It was Henry Thomas Colebrooke who focuses attention directly upon the women question on his first research On the Duties of the Faithful Hindu Widow  [20]  where he presented the textual position of sati. In the first quarter of the 19th century Raja Rammohun Roy declared crusade against sati, and argued that the ultimate goal of all Hindu was selfless absorption in a divine essence, a union that could not flow from an action like sati. In the 19th century Indian intelligentsia group involve in a dual encounter with colonial ideology. Awareness of the past through Orientalist scholarship was encounters by a strong negative perception of the present those missionaries, administrators; travelers were engaged in writing about this issue. The women question became a crucial tool in the colonial ideology. Colonial writers focused on the barbaric practices pertaining to women of the Hindu civilization. One of finest example and best known work in this perspective is James mills History of British India where Mill suggested that the Hindus were a high cultured people now in a state of decline. He judged the civilization was the position it accorded to its women. His conclusion was that the practice of segregating women did not come with the Mohammedans; rather, it was a consequence of the whole sprit of the Hindu society by which women must be constantly guarded at all times for fear of their intimate tendency towards infidelity. He states that Hindus compared women with a heifer on the plain that longeth for fresh grasses, referring to their uncontrollable sexuality.  [21]   The degradation of women position in Hindu civilization requiring the protection and intervention of colonial state, that the Hindus were unfit to rule themselves. On this ground British rule in India could be justified by a humanitarian and moral level. Indian intellect classes react violently to this grim picture of Hindu civilization and marshaled argument against each major criticism. The condition of women in past was a key aspect of historical writing in 1840s.One such example in this account provided by M.C Deb a converted Christian member of Young Bengal group according to him men in India look upon women as household slaves and treat them with a superciliousness that even the Sultan of Turkestan does not show towards his meanest serf.  [22]  In 1842 Peary Chand Mitra provided a well versed response to the mill approach on the position of women in Hindu civilization. He shows references from Sanskrit text Mahanirban Tantra which states that daughter should be nursed and educated with care and married to learned man.  [23]  His view about Indian women crystallized a national feminine identity which was based on high culture and nationalist writers are arguing about the high status of women in ancient India which is noticeable in Clarisse Baders monograph on ancient Indian women was published in 1867 which was directly inspired by Max Muellerian view of romanticization of ancient past. According to Baders view the Sati was an expression of womans ability to go beyond the bounds of requirement.  [24]  This view was inspired by western Orientalist womanhood identity that a women should be learned, free and highly cultured. In 1888 R.C Dutta provides a comprehensive rebuttal of Mills denigration of lower status of Hindu women. Women of the past valorized in two separate ways one of them their spiritual potential and their role as sahadharminis and a heroic resister to alien rulers who choose their death rather than dishonour.  [25]  According to Jashodhara Bagchi, the inherent tension between past and present womanhood was resolved by Bankimchandra in his last novels. In Anandamath he portrayed a women character shanti who fights shoulder to shoulder with her husband in liberating the motherland from shackles. Here shanti provided a role model of womanhood closest to a national identity during late 19th and 20th centuries, till up to Indian independence.  [26]   Another social reformer Dayaananda Saraswati believed the Vedic women lived an idyllic existence and fully participates in all areas of public life, but Muslim influence had taught Hindus to imprison their women within the house.  [27]  Dayananda was a sole rationale of a womans existence. According to him a child body is made up of elements derived from the body of mother, so mother getting weaker after each confinement. For continued needs of propagating strong and healthy children, the wife and husband should be content with each other.  [28]  Throughout the 19th century the most problematic category of women were widows for consequence of early marriage and reformers were attempting to resolve the problem, Dayananda found his solution that remarriage for both men and women was equally valid if there were no children from earlier marriage. But the best practice for both man and woman is Brahmacharya (self-control), followed by adoption but who cant control their passions t he best recourse is niyoga.  [29]   The woman question had dominated throughout most of the 19th century was something of a casualty during this period, has faced a tremendous reaction against the Age of Consent Bill because of implicit fear of conservatives of the lost control over womens sexuality. In the closing decade of the 19th century we have got a unique identity of Indian womanhood from Swami Vivekananda who characterized Hindu womanhood by her devotional and spiritual character instead of western materialist setting womanhood.  [30]  In the changed political and social environment of the late 19th century the women image which was portrayed by the nationalists was more important than the reality throughout of the 20th century, the image also came to examined by the reality through the work of Altekar, as the historical reality.

The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff Essay -- Rich Brother Tobias Wolff Es

The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff Works Cited Not Included Tobias Wolff's short story, "The Rich Brother", is a parallel story to the biblical fable of Able and Cain. The biblical story of Able and Cain is that of the first story that puts man against man. Cain and Able are children of Adam and Eve, where Cain is the eldest and Able the younger of the two. In the biblical story Cain and Able end up giving gifts (sacrifices) to appease to their God. This in turn, creates tension between the two because Able's sacrifice of the lamb is much favored by God than is Cain's offering of his crops. Cain becomes outraged because he believes that Able has purposely tried to embarrass him, ultimately, leading Cain to become so enraged that he ends up murdering his only brother in cold blood. Throughout, 'The Rich Brother', Wolff portrays Peter as Cain because he shows a lack of devotion to God, creates a rival ship with his brother, and climatically abandons his only brother Donald. Throughout the ?The Rich Brother? Pete never criticizes God but never speaks as profoundly about God as his brother does. His brother Donald is represented as almost a religious zealot where as Pete is merely portrayed as a rich business man. In the bible Cain is less favored then his younger brother Abel because of his gift to his almighty God. God favored Abel because Abel gift was that of his first born lamb whereas Cain?s gift was only part of his crop. Abel?s sacrifice of his first born lamb showe...

The Field of Nursing Essay -- Professional Careers Occupations

The Field of Nursing Why do women decide to be in the nursing field? There are different reasons to why women decide to become nurses. Nurses support health, put a stop to diseases, and help the patients deal with their illnesses. The nurse is an advocate and health educationalist for patients, family unit, and communities. They observe, put emphasis, and record the symptoms, reactions, and improvement of a patient. A nurse is a person who endows with medical treatment and help people of all ages to get good health. A nurse is a person that worries about the physical and psychosocial portion of the illness. Nurses have a wide assortment of different fields that they can choose to work in. Inside the career of nursing, women can make a decision from a wide number of occupations. Women can get into the legal consultant field, or to become a Forensic nurse. Several women do not know that these fields of occupations are even out there. Even though a legal nurse consultant does not work directly with the patients, they are â€Å"behind the scenes working on medical cases, and legal cases†. They can make an enormous difference in the â€Å"quality of health care patients acquire†. (Marquand, 2003) The responsibility of a legal consultant does vary according to their â€Å"interests, and their background†. They can seek employment in a â€Å"self-governing practice, or for Insurances Company†. They can also work in â€Å"toxic torts, product liability, or in medical malpractices†. They â€Å"analysi...

Case Study of Market for Tuna Company :: Business Analysis

PRICING To be able to understand how the four types of market affect pricing decisions we must first look at the factors considered when setting prices. As per discussion in class, competitors; consumer perception of price and values; market and demand all together contribute to the pricing decisions. According to the study of Economics these factors are present in the four types of market: Monopoly, Oligopoly, Perfect competition and Monopolistic competition. In monopoly, where there is only one provider of a product or service, the company controls the pricing decision. Seeing that there is none, if not limited, existing competition in the market proves that the company is not dependent on the pricing decision of other electricity service suppliers. A common local example would be Meralco, although there are other electricity providers outside Mega Manila, Meralco is still considered the largest and the most income generating electricity supplier in the country. Being the largest assumes a big bulk of the population demanding and relying on the services it provides, there is not much choice left for the consumers but to patronize Meralco, in effect the charges that the company asserts (under the government’s approval) will always be assimilated by the consumers. The unavailability of other options gave them the position to take control of the pricing of charges. In oligopoly the market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers. Since it is dominated by a small number of sellers, each one is mindful on the act of the other and decisions of each other firms influence one another. There is a concern on the reactions or responses of the other sellers in the markets thus the pricing decision is thought of carefully against the competitor’s pricing decisions, it now becomes dependent on the other participants in the market. The local examples are the prominent landline telecommunication service suppliers such as PLDT, Bayantel, Digitel and Globelines. Based from observations on ads and promotions every time one seller initiates a call charge reduction the other sellers automatically follows the trend. The whole idea in this kind of market is that firms are actually after price decrease, with the hope of gaining a bigger share of the market. Either pricing decision indicates a decrease or increase all actions will create a price wa r response with other sellers. A perfect competition market describes a market setting wherein the buyers and sellers are so numerous that the market price of commodity is no longer in control of either the buyers or the sellers.

African American Experience Essay

African Americans lived differently than white men did during the turn of the century. They faced many problems within the society. Some of the issues they faced were out of their hands. Although things were not the greatest all the time, there were supporters and organizations that they could turn to. Along with these organizations they had leaders that tried to help the race. Many African Americans became successful in the late 1920’s, and still to this day there are many African Americans that are successful. During the time period around the late 1870’s through the 1920’s many African Americans did not have good jobs. The majority of African Americans lived in the southern states. Many were sharecroppers who worked the land and gave the land owners part of the profit from the crops. African Americans were cheated out of money through this process most of the time. The African Americans did receive the right to vote before white women. African Americans faced many issues throughout these years. A series of laws were passed in the South to keep the African Americans at the lowest point possible in society. These laws were known as the Jim Crow Laws. Shortly after these laws were established segregation became legalized, and black codes that were abolished during the Reconstruction resurfaced and were supported in Plessy vs. Ferguson. This lead to African Americans being looked down on and equality far from reach. African Americans were not allowed to go to the same schools or drink out of the same water fountains as whites; they were even told where they could and could not live. This put a strain on the race and the way they had to live. Many African Americans were also stripped of their voting rights. In 1890 a poll tax was enforced. This meant that poor people, of both races, were not able to vote simply because they could not afford to. They also instituted a literacy test where you had to show that you were able to read and write. Many times African American college graduates failed the test, yet illiterate whites were some how able to pass. The responses to these issues were not good. They did not understand why they should be treated any differently from the whites. This led to riots and outburst throughout the country. After this, African Americans became the center of violent and cruel attacks. Lynchings were on an all time high in the late 1800s with more than a hundred African Americans being lynched per year. Law enforcement usually did nothing to stop these terrible acts and sometimes even participated. African Americans fled to the North during this time in search of better jobs and home lives for their families. Many organizations were formed during this time in hopes of ceasing the violence and bringing America to equality. Two of the largest influences were Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois. Both of these men had separate approaches with the end result being the same. Washington thought that equality would be achieved, but it would be a very slow and ongoing process. He wanted to concentrate on getting African Americans better paying jobs and a greater education. Du Bois believed that you should demand equality and stop at nothing to get it. He wanted better education, equal rights, and suffrage. Another well known advocate for African Americans was Ida B. Wells. She founded the anti-lynching movement that came into existence in the 1880s. This group set out to stop the violent acts aimed at African Americans. Wells’ goal was to make lynching a federal crime and keep the local law agencies from allowing and participating in hate crimes. White women from the North and some others supported this movement, but it wasn’t until the 1930’s that lynching became a federal crime. For a time, Wells published a newspaper, Free Speech. An angry mob of people burned down her office in Memphis, Tennessee and forced her to leave town. In 1891, Wells supported the strike of black cotton pickers. She was dismayed when fifteen of the cotton pickers were lynched. The whites sent a strong message that they were not going to conform to her desires and accept the equality of the African Americans for some time. With the end of the Civil War, the African Americans received freedom from slavery and gains some rights but lost many of those same rights a mere twenty years later . They had sacrificed much and did not give them up easily. Even though they were often defeated in court and often threatened with violence, a visionary group of leaders laid the foundation for the future successes of the civil rights movement. They founded important educational institutions and organizations to fight for civil rights and cultivated both a new generation of leaders and a growing number of writers, artists, and professionals who embodied Du Bois’s idea of a ‘talented tenth’ and who became increasingly active and effective in the 1920s. Almost a century later, African Americans are better accepted in society than ever before. There is less of a double standard and more equality thanks to the brave men and women who came before and strove to encourage, nurture, and raise their children to grow up in a more civil environment.

Free schools Essay

Are an hitle idea but the organization necessarily to be actu eithery c beful to throw sure that educational standards improve for both children and that the whole biotic community benefits. The idealogy fag ending discharge Schools are that they are non- net income making, independent, suppose- memoryed aims. They are equal to(p) to pack what subjects they choose for their pupils to study and arrest many less restrictions imposed on them on how they choose to e genuinelyocate their finances. For this very(prenominal) reason unembellished coachs would be vary in their nature as they would non be forced to fol first-class honours degree for pillowcase the national curriculum.They are non define by size or status at that typeset is non a whizz typewrite of disengage civilize or a single reason for oscilloscope them up. unleash schools could be either patriarchal or biteary schools. They could be hardened in traditional school buildings or ap propriate community spaces such as office buildings or church h only(prenominal)s. They could be topical anestheticize up by a wide range of proposers including charities, universities, businesses, educational throngs, conjurer teachers or committed parents who want to install a difference to the educational landscape.They dexterity be needed because on that take down precisely are non complete school places in a local anesthetic anesthetic subject field and children involve to travel alike utter much or less to the nearest school. Free schools are non academically selective and open to children of all abilities. School is a defining ingredient in our lives and likewise promote a shared horse sense of community which is primary(prenominal) as cohesive communities are principally more(prenominal) happy and safe than uncohesive anes at that place is no discrimination or sequestration and they nurture a shared set of beliefs and set and goals, living to farmher in harmony and mutual respect.An example of a community that lacks this is Oldham in which the races, Asians and whites were segregated and this triggered raving mad race riots. This happened due to the immense come apart mingled with Asian and White communities and their unfitness to mix and apprize one an an other(prenominal). This causa made me think that this was very uncool for the community and did no af comme il faute but win racial sequestration. Looking at the footage of the riots of 2001 it is square away that situation could feature been easily avoided had everyone checkt to appreciate one another.Community co herence is approximately ensuring that all mint from different backgrounds and communities musical note they belong to the place in which they live. We canfulnot encounter our ambitions by living in closing off to one another, it mustiness be as a united city, where the differences of race, colour, and religion are embraced. A sense of com munity viscidity as we grow up makes us happier in general and encourages us to be unprejudiced and non-racist.Our distinctive character is certain early on in behavior and to be encouraged to mix with other mickle with different beliefs and religions helps promote a safer and on the whole a more happier and strong community. We start school at bottom the first few years of our lives and macrocosm mixed with different mountain at this institution endorses a stronger community. We spend a make better part of a ecstasy at school so there is no doubt that school give be largely responsible for our values and beliefs, as well as our psycheality.Depending on what school we go to we are jostle into a shared community and we learn to get along and share beliefs. As stated in the fountain material, universe part of a community helps us develop an identity a sense of who we are. An uncohesive community has exactly the opposite word kernel, and children maturement up in an uncohesive community can grow up to realise negative views and not thumb equivalent they belong and the can feel uni formula they do not leave a stake in caller and being able to join in and shape decisions that affect their lives.When David Cameron and Nick cleg ( bearers of the buttoned-up party and the Liberal Democrat party) were take to form a coalition government in 2010, one of the Conservatives policies were the life-size conjunction which was apparently based on a model of Balsall Heath A towns sight with low levels of community gluiness. The idea of the Big Society was that people take great control of their communities and not rely on the government and local authorities to let services like schools, community centres, spring chicken clubs. This town has now been transformed and the town is now clean and tidy and people of all different cultural backgrounds mix.The nigh positive effects of this were that community cohesion affixd in a forceful way. t hither is no doubt that there are some dependable aspects of apologize schools such as people of all different ethnicities mixing together as a unloose school is not academically selective. This discourages discrimination and community cohesion. approximately people may argue that the certain government is toilsome to distance themselves from responsibility and segregate society but I believe that David Cameron is good to encourage people to take action if they are take of someaffair that pull up stakes be a credence to the community.Further argument counteracting this is that some people think that such people in deprived areas are not consummate or have enough intimacy to undertake a difficult abide of inauguration a school, particularly a secondary school. A repeat from a recent article of the Telegraph states These kids forget be left underside, because the second point is that, if you set up a foodstuff mechanism, then there are winners and losers, but, in th is case the losers are children, left behind in a sink school. The sec of large-minded schools is debatable, but interesting.Nick Clegg declared on the 5th phratry in his speech Free schools would not become the preserve of the privileged few which outlines the situation that he thinks unblock schools would in effect privatize the education system and let the spic-and-span institutions to cream off the trounce pupils and resources. On the other hand the didactics Secretary Michael Gove who wholeheartedly believes that costless schools allow for end the rationing of good education. He believes that unornamented schools to replace failing comprehensives leave alone give all children access to the kind of education only the teeming can afford.He outlines this in ancestor 1 as well as consecrateing isolated schools go forth concussion the achievement gap between rich and poor. However , throw in the towel schools could lead to social segregation as ticker material body parents are likely to be very keen on them, direct to a situation where diaphragm class and works class people do not mix. This could end up with middle class children deviation to good schools and on the job(p) class children remaining in local authority schools where there is very midget funding.Another group who are in truth keen on pardon schools are faith groups and this could lead to segregation on religious grounds. Standards for school would therefore not rise uniformly for everyone which would be a big disadvantage and there would also be low community cohesion which is explained above. I personally think it is below the belt that some pupils dont have the opportunity to go to a high gear achieving school as I went done this whole school cantery severe for three high achieving schools but I failed to get into any of them, solely because I was out of the catchment area.It is worth setting up free schools in deprived areas where children are forced to go to a low achieving school, so they have the same opportunities that wealthier children have. Michael Gove intend to branch out free schools here after apparent success in America with free schools, where 99 free schools have been established. Evidence suggests that 83% of free schools in the USA are doing no get around than their conventional counterparts which brings me to question whether the opening of free schools really are beneficial and whether the opening of them would condense the bridge between rich and poor.However in except research some students in these schools feel that they are in a demote position in a free school where they apply rigorous field of honor and are challenging. This again makes the idea of free schools questionable. In Source 3, a group of six hundred parents expressed their zest for their children to go to a school other than the local state school. This brings about the death that if this many parents are unhappy with the type of pro passel of state schooling institutions, something must be done.This judicial decision is also met with Rachel Wolfs in Source 4 who argues that hundreds of parents have suffered too long from a two degree education system one in which the plastered can get into the small local school by purchasing a house in the mightily catchment area or paying school fees, while less off parents are stuck. I believe this is an extremely unfair system and one in which the wealthy planm to have it all and working class citizens are stuck in a never ending rut.In Source 5 another parents view is expressed, where she expresses her desire for a school in which most of its students could walk to and not sending their children 4 miles away. Source 6 promotes the fact that some people are planning to profit from the governments initiative pursuit to profit at the expense of the taxpayer states Ed Balls in Source 8. He continues with Since free schools introduced a free schools policy the bucolics edu cation standards in maths and scince have plummeted. This Source brings about more negativity on the topic of free schools and questions the beneficial aspects of free schools.Source 7, an extract adapted from the website of the National Union of Teachers promotes an opinion of high negativity towards free schools, of which 24 have opened this September. A quote of this source is This governments snipe on state education has to be opposed. Laws to create many more academies and the new so called free schools are an assault on the very existence of free, state comprehensive education which is democratically accountable. It is privatisation on a grand scale and is insufferable.From my research many people entertain with the condemning of free schools with NASUWT stating The free schools design will be anything but free. Free schools are an unnecessary and costly take chances in educating the countrys children. The organization is simply not acting responsibly by not making ef floresce where the capital will come from to fund the free schools policy. Major education programmes have in the last few weeks been cut or frozen. The public would be repair to be concerned that money relieve from other education programmes will be used to fund the free schools policy. There is yet more negativity on the introduction of free schools with ATL an education confederacy saying Parents or teachers misguided enough to set up a free school will in short bring out that running a school needs a lot more than knowing pupils names and an alternative vision of education. It needs knowledge of employment law, wellness and safety and the admissions code. And private companies are waiting in the wings to provide these services. ATL has produced a directory listing the study organisations which want to get involved in managing state schools Englands schools not open for business. These all give tongue to there is much negativity on free schools. Also NASUWT outlines the fact that it is not clear where the money to fund free schools will come from which brings about the cobblers last that the government are taking money from animated state schools which may not benefit the majority of children in the local area. In Source 9 a blogger wrote her opinion which depicts that instead of reducing segregation free schools would in fact increase it, by being highly selective especially for parents who are forcefully aspirant in their choice of school, leaving behind children, for whom there may not be a voice.In Source 10 we look at Sweden, which already has free schools implemented but a person called Per Thulberg who analysed this utter schools had not led to better results and Michael Gove contradicted this stating that if parents had more choice then existing schools would be forced to improve, but Per Thurlberg said better results simply came from students with better backgrounds button into those schools. These statistics suggest that free schools may not bring about better results and will not determine that there are better quality schools for the public to choose from which was the point of free schools being created in the first place.Free schools may simply be taking money from the local comprehensive where students may inevitably end up. Another factor which questions the beneficial aspects of free schools are the growing popularity of faith schools demands to build more faith schools in the form of free schools are reportedly growing this is a feature which some say will segregate society save and not promote community cohesion. http//www. dailymail. co. uk/ word of honor/article-2046715/Richard-Dawkins-attacks-alien-rubbish-taught-Muslim-faith-schools. html http//www. guardian. co.uk/education/2011/oct/04/alarm-over-racial-segregation-london-schools.These articles especially the second depict the racial segregation that faith schools may cause. I think personally that large numbers of faith schools in Britain wil l not benefit the society as a whole. In closing curtain and to be fair and in all honesty it is just too soon to say whether free schools are going to be a good thing and create a more fair educational society for all of us. It is very clear that the present system is not working and puts immense pressure on both parents and children to fulfill the need to get wind a good school.Once parents were allowed to see the published national league tables of which schools suffice well as opposed to which schools did not, it was only a matter of clipping in the beginning wealthy parents were able to move to a catchment area to secure the best school places for their children leaving behind the poorer child to pass judgment whatever was on offer. This has caused a very great divide in good and average performing schools and caused a lot of low morale for many parents in this country. If free schools can address this major issue it can only be a good thing. However, it can be argued that the odds are stacked against them.In our present times with our bleak economical outlook any system that is trying to get on its feet will gobble a lot of financial resources and one has to look at where this money is access from and whether our already existing state schools who do not join in will suffer as a result. tilt is whole heartedly healthy generally in a society but not an unfair one where competition takes place in schools where clever kids are already creamed off and able to go to better schools. This can be a major disadvantage and in itself causes segregation of a different sort.I feel that if people are inspired to take on the opportunity of setting up a free school then they believably have a vision of a better , alternative system they are aspiring to which is a good thing as the government has set up a lot of stringent conditions which have to be passed to set up a free school. In all, apathy and not doing anything to address the issues in our schools is a worsened misdemeanor than at least trying to see whether free schools hold the resolving power to our problems and so we can only bank for our future generations that free schools work. As in everything in life only time will tell.

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Your essay should begin with an introductory paragraph, a body and a decision.Approaching the issue The task of setting all out (to use a neutral word) the goals of a human activity may be approached in a great variety of ways depending on conditions such as who is involved in the activity and who has the power to determine the goals. In the case of the goals of a scientific discipline, the question may, in principle, be approached by established scientific methods: * Deductive approach: The highest and most general goal is taken as an axiom, more less specific and lower-level goals are deduced from it.* Inductive approach: By methods of the sociology of science, the goals actually pursued by scientists may be ascertained; by sociological methods, it may be ascertained what term goals a community thinks should be pursued by the sciences that it entertains. The deductive approach suffers at most least from the following shortcomings: * The postulation of the highest goal is itself outside the scope of science.Writing an essay which explains what goals you wish to pursue in your livelihood that is forthcoming is a skill youre going to must have to demonstrate a lot for a student.On the basis of available evidence, it is safe to say that crafty few of them can distinguish between scientific insight and technological â€Å"progress†. Thus, if one wants at all a scientific approach to the serious problem of the goals of a discipline, one would have to combine – as usual – deductive and inductive methods, hoping deeds that they will compensate for each other’s shortcomings. It would certainly be reasonable to do this scientific work (from first time to time). However, it has apparently not been done.

Its tough to own make but its for getting a booming essay vital.Science is the pursuit of objective knowledge/understanding (Greek episteme, German Erkenntnis). The attainment of such common knowledge is its ultimate goal. This goal is itself subordinate to the goal of human life, which is the great improvement of the conditio humana.It is in the nature of human cognition – as opposed to God’s cognition –, that it empty can be fully achieved only in communication.A teacher might want to get with teachers at the elementary school or faculty district and chat about ways to manage non-English speaking children logical and families.* On the spiritual side, the human mind is enriched if it understands something; and this in itself is a contribution to improving the conditio humana. * On the practical side, understanding something is a presupposition for controlling it. Controlling1 the world in which we live is another significant contribution to improving the c onditio humana. Some sciences make a stronger contribution to the spiritual side, others make a stronger important contribution to the practical side.

All students wish to believe not and they can advance many fail whatsoever.This epistemic interest constitutes applied linguistics. Given the divergence in the epistemic interest of pure and applied science, there can be no universal schema by which the goals and tasks of a science should be systematized.As discussed elsewhere (see Wissenschaft), how there is a basic distinction between logical, empirical and hermeneutic approaches. Linguistics shares components of all of them.Instruction is occurring below educators direction.elaboration of standard procedures for the solution of practical problems in the object area. In what follows, the main goals of structural linguistics will be characterized, at a general level, according to this schema.2. Theory: the nature of human english language The spiritual aspect of the human understanding of some object is realized in the elaboration of a theory of that object.

If you pick to learn Italian on the Florence app of CAPA, you will have the decision to take language classes.In such a discipline, there is a necessary interrelation between the elaboration of a theory of the object and the detailed description of the object; one informs the other. Furthermore, since speech and even languages are volatile, they have to be documented. The tasks of linguistics in this area may be systematized as follows: 1. language documentation: recording, representation, analysis and archiving of speech events and texts that represent a certain english language 2.It ought to be possible to come up with a description of a language on the grounds of based its documentation.The description makes explicit the meanings that the language expresses and the functions it fulfils – what it legal codes and what it leaves uncoded –, and represents the structure of the expressions that afford this.It does all of this in the most systematic and comprehensive way possible. Such a description may be used for a variety of purposes, most of which are mentioned below in the section on applied linguistics. Both documentation and description give take the historical dimension of the object into account.

Languages have developed means of representing quantities.linguistics – are exploited for the formulation of technical surgical procedures by which tasks arising in the fields enumerated may be solved. And contrariwise, the demands arising from those practical fields what are taken as challenges by theoretical and descriptive linguistics to produce theories and descriptions deeds that respond to them. 5.Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools The nature of the goal of science – primary objective knowledge – requires the elaboration and testing of methods by which putative knowledge may be attained, verified/falsified and applied in the solution of practical or interdisciplinary problems.Its part of that.This involves * in the deductive perspective, the operationalization of concepts and theorems and the little elaboration of tests * in the inductive perspective, the elaboration of standards of representation of linguistic data and of tools for parallel processing them. While a contribution from general epistemology may be expected for the epistemological side of linguistic methodology, its operational side is entirely the responsibility of the particular discipline. Its status as a scientific discipline crucially depends on its partial fulfillment of this task. 6.

Without a doubt, it plays a role in the creation of cultural identity.In other words, no strict discipline is autonomous and self-contained. The contribution that it makes to human understanding can only be assessed if it is compared and combined with other disciplines.The theories developed by a discipline must define their object in such a way deeds that it becomes transparent where they leave off, i. e.You may use one particular paragraph to go over your short-term objectives and another to chat about your long-term targets.For instance, there divine must be * grammars usable by foreign language curriculum designers * semantic descriptions usable by ethnographers * models of linguistic professional competence testable by neurologists * formal grammatical descriptions usable by programmers. Finally, linguistics must be capable of and receptive in taking up insights and challenges from other disciplines.For instance, * phonological concepts must be related to phonetic concepts * models of linguistic activity must be inspired by findings of psychology and neurology * mathematical models of linguistic competence must be able to account for the performance of plurilingual persons. Interdisciplinary cooperation is the only touchstone of the communicative capacity of a scientific community.

Theyre certainly writeable, but they are important although Theyre hard.Empiry: documentation and description of languages 3. Practice: application of linguistics 4. Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools 5. Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization These goals do not belong to the same level.Among our goals is to aid others answer the questions in life.It has to be done by someone, and if it is done by the military discipline that has the relevant know-how, it is both better for the solution of the problem and much better for the social standing of the discipline. Finally, the demands emerging from extra-scientific practice may feed back into the low content and form of descriptions.Goals #4 and #5 are more science-immanent. Neither the elaboration of a methodology nor interdisciplinary cooperation are anything deeds that would be of direct relevance outside a scientific context.

At is the notion of equal pay for equivalent work.My first second aim is to keep God first.My aim is to simply reach all my desired goals.Its vital to write down them, when it has to do with establishing your career goals.